U.S. History (1491-1607)

"Wherefore . . . you have purposed with the favor of divine clemency to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands with their residents and inhabitants and to bring them to the Catholic faith. Hence . . . [we] give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors, kings of Castile and Leon . . . all islands and mainlands found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered towards the west and south, by drawing and establishing a line from the Arctic pole, namely the north, to the Antarctic pole, namely the south . . . " Pope Alexander VI, 1493 In addition to the reason discussed in the passage above, which of the following was a reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?

Increasing the wealth of Spain by extracting natural resources from the Americas

"Around 7,000 years ago, agriculture emerged in Mesoamerica, including the domestication of maize, beans, and squash, causing major changes in the plants that people cultivated. Three sisters agriculture had spread across Mexico by 3,500 years ago, though they originated at different times." How did the cultivation of maize affect settlement patterns in the American Southwest and present-day Mexico?

It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by farming and irrigation systems.

"There were four chiefs: Mr. Bear, Cougar, Bald Eagle, and Salmon. They met to try to figure out what it was that they were going to do. They knew of a place where there were many salmon. This would be the best thing of the coming people. It would keep them strong and healthy; besides, it would taste so good! But there was a problem. The salmon were being held way up river by a dam and were being guarded by some women, who when crossed would stop at nothing to destroy anything that got in the way of keeping their salmon and doing their work." This passage provides evidence to support which of the following assertions about Native American culture?

Native Americans' food sources and environment shaped their living patterns.

"European leaders concluded that the Muslims' power fed upon the wealth generated by their control of the most lucrative trade routes. By paying premium prices to Muslim merchants for the gold and ivory of sub-Saharan Africa and for the silks, gems, and spices of Asia, European consumers enriched the Islamic world while draining wealth from Christendom. . . . Visionary Europeans hoped to weaken their enemy and enrich themselves by seeking an alternative trade route by sea." Which of the following primary sources would most likely support the author's argument in the excerpt?

Spanish royal council meeting notes concerning strategies for defeating Muslims

"Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." -Christopher Columbus, 1493 Which of the following developments from the late 1400s emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt?

The Reconquista

Why did the Sioux live in teepees?

They facilitated a nomadic lifestyle.

Based on the evidence of Cahokia, which of the following might historians conclude about the Mississippian peoples?

They had significant social organization, which allowed them to coordinate the construction of large buildings.

"Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." Christopher Columbus, 1493 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the desire of European nations to find new sources of wealth in the Americas