US History Chapter 11 Section 2
Draft Riots
in NYC - disease, over population and poverty - white workers did not want to fight a war to free slaves - feared blacks would steal their jobs killed 100 people - wealthy men and blacks
Lincoln's Actions Begin a Precedent
in times of war the powers of the Executive Branch are expanded - "national security"
Clement Vallandigham
most famous Copperhead - Ohio congressman tried for encouraging Union soldiers to desert and also for encouraging armistice
Emancipation of Slaves
ordered by Lincoln of army became weapon of war - not just moral issue
Lincoln Integrates Slavery into the War
slave labor supported Confederacy Lincoln decided that he could order the army to emancipate as many slaves as he wanted - if he could order them to steal supplies would make Britain not want to support Confederacy
The Trent Affair
Confederacy send 2 men on the Trent Captain Charles Wilkes on San Jacinto stops ship and imprisons the two men - British threaten war and send 8,000 to Canada - Lincoln makes peace by saying he did not order this
Confederacy Try to Win Favor of Britain
Confederacy sent James Mason and John Slidell to Britain and France - went on British ship: Trent
Britain Loses Need for South
Europe finds other source of cotton in India and Egypt - not need South European wheat crop fails - use North's corn and wheat
Dealing with Dissent
Lincoln suspends states' right of habeas corpus in respond to disloyalty to the Union 13,000 Confederacy sympathizers were arrested - most released quickly Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney: - Lincoln went beyond his constitutional powers
Copperheads
Northern Democrats who advocated peace with the South - congressman Clement Vallandigham from Ohio
Confederacy Reaction to Proclamation
became more determined to fight Union
Habeas Corpus
court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before the court to determine why they are being jailed
Emancipation Proclamation
did not immediately free slaves applied to only Confederate land - frees all slaves in land that is in rebellion not apply to slave states that had not seceded
Lincoln's View of Slavery
did not like slavery - did not think federal gov had power to abolish it wanted to solely save Union in the Civil War
Conscription
draft that forces certain members of the population to serve in the army
Confederate Conscription
drafted all able bodied white men between 17 and 50 - could hire substitutes - exempted plantation owners who owned 20 or more slaves - poor confederates not like
Union Conscription
drafted white men between 20 and 45 for 3 yrs - draftees could hire substitutes - commutation: paying $300 to avoid the draft most of Union army were volunteers
Effects of Emancipation Proclamation
free blacks could fight in the war very symbolic but not very practical not all of North liked: Democrats said would prolong war; soldiers just want unity
Horace Greeley
urged Lincoln to make the war into an abolitionist crusade