U.S. History Chapter 16

Blue

What color was the Union's uniforms?

Free African Americans could fight in the war.

What did Congress begin allowing in July of 1862?

He believed he didn't have the constitutional power to free them.

What did Lincoln believe about his ability to free the slaves?

A federal post in Charleston, South Carolina, was attacked by Confederate troops and this began the Civil War.

What happened at Fort Sumter? What did it mark the beginning of?

Grant and Lee meet at Willmer McClan's house and recalled where they had previously met. They then discussed the terms for surrender.

What happened at the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse?

Escaped slaves

What is a contraband?

A forced military service. Many riots broke out because of this.

What is a draft? How did citizens feel about it?

Saved many lives but it was difficult to treat diseases without much medicine.

What role did doctors and nurses play in the war?

Soldiers were packed into camps designed to hold only a fraction of their number. They had little shelter, food, or clothing. Starvation and disease killed thousands of prisoners.

What was it like to be a prisoner of war?

North thought the war would end easily and quickly. General McDowell was sent to capture Richmond and eliminate the Confederates. The Confederates began to retreat, but Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson stayed and eventually the Union gave up and retreated to D.C. This was the first battle and this showed the North that the war wouldn't be easy to win.

What was the 1st Battle of Bull Run?

An infantry of mainly blacks who led an attack at Fort Wagner.

What was the 54th Mass. Infantry?

Burn side stepped down from General after Fredericksburg and General Hooker took over. He wants to attack Fredericksburg again. He decides to split his army. This was another Confederate victory, but Stonewall Jackson dies.

What was the Battle of Chancellorsville?

McClellan is replaced by General Burnside. And the Union had a hard time crossing a river. The troops began to grow tired because of the trip. This was a Confederate victory, with large casualties for the Union.

What was the Battle of Fredericksburg?

Grant and his army waited close to Shiloh church to get reinforcements and drill his men. The Confederates surprised attacked Grant's camp. Each side claimed victory, but it was in fact Grant's win.

What was the Battle of Shiloh?

David Farragut led the Union navy. When the navy began to sail to New Orleans, they wrapped the ship in chains and put mud on the ship and tied trees to the mast. The Confederates set rafts on fire and floated them down the river to stop the Union. The Union was able to capture New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natches, Mississippi

What was the Fall of New Orleans?

After the First Battle of Bull Run, the Union realized they needed a better army. General George McClellan trained 10,000 soldiers known as the Army of the Potomac. Unfortunately, McClellan was hesitant to attack the Confederates and he took the long route between the York and James river to get to Richmond. McClellan's forces pushed Jackson back, but it prevented Union reinforcements to arrive.

What was the Peninsular Campaign?

Lincoln was frustrated with McClellan so he replaced him with General Pope. This was a major confederate victory and Lee decided to move north.

What was the Second Battle of Bull Run?

This town was on a cliff above the river and the Confederates had the advantage since they were above. Farragut and Grant led the attack. The civilians in this town moved to underground caves and quickly ran out of food. The citizens tell their commander to do something about this mess and he surrenders to the Union

What was the Siege of Vicksburg?

The Union found Lee's battle plans and McClellan did nothing with those plans. This was the bloodiest single-day battle and the Union stopped Lee's northward advance.

What was the battle fo Antietam?

Lee wanted to break the north's will to fight and wanted another victory. Lee didn't want the Union to have a strong position but the Union got one. General Longstreet to move the army east and Lee disagrees. Day two was known as the Battle of Little Round Top and Lee's troops could effectively fire down at Union forces. Day 3 is known as Pickett's charge and the Union army was beginning to break. Pickett's army slowly marched for 1 mile and were showered with cannons. The confederates retreated and suffered many casualties.

What was the battle of Gettysburg?

Disease

What was the biggest killer in the Civil War?

Richmond, Virginia

What was the capital of the Confederacy?

Washington D.C.

What was the capital of the Union?

Grey

What was the color of the Confederate uniform?

Robert E. Lee took over the Confederate army and he was able to save Richmond and force McClellan to retreat.

What was the seven days battle?

They feared newly-freed people would move north and take their jobs. They believed it was pointless if the Union didn't win the war. They were hoping that newly freed African Americans would stop helping the South and start helping the North in the war.

What were northerner's opinions about abolishing slavery?

Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Delaware

What were the border states?

The Confederate controlled states since that was where all the slaves were.

Where did the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves? Why?

West Virginia

Which state joined the Union in 1863?

Abraham Lincoln and George McClellan and Lincoln won

Who ran in the election of 1864? Who won?

Jefferson Davis

Who was president of the Confederacy?

Abraham Lincoln

Who was president of the Union?

Women

Who was the backbone of civilian life during the war?

These were midwesterners that sympathized with the south and opposed abolition. They believed the war was not necessary and called for its end.

Who were Copperheads? What did they believe?

To remind Americans of the significance of the war. It was two minutes

Why did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address? How long was it?

Sherman's March to the Sea

during the civil war, a devastating total war military campaign, led by union general William Tecumseh Sherman, that involved marching 60,000 union troops through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah and destroying everything along there way.

Wilderness Campaign

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant's and Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

A straight line opposite each other.

In what formation did troops fight during the war?

Industry, Railroads, Wealth, Economy, Foreign Relations

In which areas did the North have an advantage at the start of the war?

Agriculture, Cotton Production, Slaves, experienced commanders, military strategy, Position

In which areas did the South have an advantage at the start of the war?