US History Unit 5
During the 20th century, federal prosecutions of corporations such as Standard Oil, AT&T, and Microsoft were based on alleged violations of
antitrust laws
Which factor contributed the most to urbanization in the late 1800s?
industrialization
Which economic policy argues that government should limit, as much as possible, any interference in the economy?
laissez-faire
In the late 1800s, the principles of Social Darwinism were most consistent with the ideas of
laissez-faire economics
During the late 1800s, pools and trusts were used by big business in an effort to
limit competition
The Supreme Court cases of Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific R.R. v. Illinois (1886) and United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) were based on laws that were intended to
limit the power of big business
In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the economy by
limiting competition
In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies by
passing the Sherman Antitrust Act
In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), Congress intended to
prevent large corporations from eliminating their competition
Society advances when its fittest members are allowed to assert themselves with the least hindrance. The idea expressed in this statement is most consistent with the
principles of Social Darwinism
During the late 1800s, many United States farmers believed their economic problems would be solved if the federal government would
put more money into circulation
The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) were efforts by the federal government to
regulate some aspects of business
Which major population shift in the late 1800s occurred as a result of industrialization?
rural residents to urban areas
During the late 1800s, presidents and governors most often used military force during labor-management conflicts as a way to
support industrialists and end strikes
During the late 1800s, the principles of Social Darwinism were used to justify
the accumulation of great wealth by industrialists
In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because
the government supported business owners
The growth of big business in the late 1800s resulted in
the widening of the economic gap between rich and poor
Which group's numbers increased the most as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
urban middle class
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term "robber baron" best defined a person who
used ruthless business tactics
Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons primarily because they
were ruthless in dealing with competitors
Samuel Gompers, Eugene V. Debs, and John L. Lewis all influenced the American economy by
working to build unions and improve pay
The national income tax, free and unlimited coinage of silver, and the direct election of senators were proposals that were included in the
Populist Party platform
During the late 1800s, what was a major effect of industrialization on workers in the United States?
Skilled craftsmen were replaced by semi-skilled machine operators.
"The growth of a large business is merely survival of the fittest. The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. This is not an evil tendency in business. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God...." ‡‡John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Which concept is described by this passage?
Social Darwinism
During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers?
The government supported business efforts to limit the powers of unions.
In the late 1800s, the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by John D. Rockefeller was intended to
control prices and practices in the oil refining business
In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social Darwinism were used primarily to
explain the differences in income between the rich and the poor
The theory of Social Darwinism was often used to justify the
formation of business monopolies
In the second half of the 1800s, the federal government encouraged the building of transcontinental railroads by
giving land to the railroad companies