Week8-9 | GE15
The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to human health
. Republic Act 6969 - Toxic Substances, Hazardous And Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
The law ensures proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation of best eco-waste products
. Republic Act 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
All the weather we see is in the lowest ____ km, a continually moving layer known as the troposphere.
10-12
The use of instruments to make climate measurements began around what year?
1860
STOCKHOLM IN YEAR
1972
FRESHWATER PERCENT
3
atmosphere has how many distinct zones
4
Oceans hold __ percent of all water on Earth
97
mesosphere, altitude and temperature relationship
A increases, T decreases
rises from executive orders, administrative rules and regulations, and enforcement decisions in which statutes passed by the legislature are interpreted in specific applications and individual cases because every country has different legislative and legal processes
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Minute particles and liquid droplets—collectively called
AEROSOLS
what plays important roles in the Earth's energy budget and in producing rain?
AEROSOLS
caused by the weight of overlying atmospheric gases on those below and therefore decreases with altitude
Atmospheric pressure
derived from court decisions in both civil and criminal cases
CASE LAW
WHAT ELEMENT is very effective in killing the pathogens responsible for outbreaks of serious waterborne diseases that have killed many thousands of people
Chlorine
800 to 3000 km
EXOSPHERE
Radiatively active gases in a planet's atmosphere radiate energy in one direction. T OR F
F - all
the pollen cannot be dated, T OR F
F- CAN
When conditions are good for growth, a ring is narrow, hen conditions are poor, the ring is wide
F; good-wide; poor-narrow
a standard measure and indicator of disease potentiaL
Fecal Coliform BACTERIA
_________ are obtained by drilling into the ice.
Ice cores
what sources include trucks and buses.
Mobile
SOURCES THAT are influenced by factors such as land use, climate, hydrology, topography, native vegetation, and geology
NONPOINT SOURCES
within the framework established by the 1992 UNFCCC, significantly advanced the world's effort to address climate change. For the first time, all countries, including the two largest emitters (China and the United States), pledged to take serious—if not binding— commitments.
PARIS AGREEMENT
a process involving predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a project on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment.
PD 1586 - Environmental Impact Statement System of 1978`
is a plan or statement of intentions— either written or stated— about a course of action or inaction intended to accomplish some end.
POLICY
where a high BOD exists.
POLLUTION ZONE
to remove large floating organic material. TREATMENT
PRIMARY
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities).
RA 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
The length of time water typically stays in a compartment
RESIDENCE TIME
1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the
RIO EARTH SUMMIT
The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible associated impacts to the economy.
Republic Act 8749 - Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Anchored on the constitutional provision which states that "it is the policy of the State to afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature."
Republic Act 9729 - The Philippine Climate Change Act of 2009
consists of formal documents or decrees enacted by the government's legislative branch declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something
STATUTE LAW
It is vastly more dilute than the troposphere, but it has a similar composition—except that it has almost no water vapor and nearly 1,000 times more ozone (O3)
STRATOSPHERE
they appear as dark areas on the sun
SUNSPOTS-COSMIC RAYS
conference highlighted the international aspects of emerging environmental challenges and legitimized the environment as an area for international cooperation.
Stockholm
what absorbs specific wavelengths of ultraviolet solar radiation, known as UV-B?
Stratospheric ozone
occurs when too much of an undesirable or harmful substance flows into a body of water, exceeding that body of water's natural ability to remove it, dilute it to a harmless concentration, or convert it to a harmless form
Surface Water Pollution
One type of fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, or E. coli 0157, has caused human illness and death. T OR F
T
A stream with low oxygen content is a poor environment for fish and most other organisms.
TRUE
As sunspot activity increases, more energy from the sun reaches Earth
TRUE
HOW MANY industrialized countries subsequently agreed in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to reduce their overall emissions to approximately 5 percent below 1990 levels by the year 2012.
Thirty- eight
Most weather phenomena occur in?
Troposphere
An is an emerging bioengineering technology to treat urban runoff before it reaches streams, lakes, or the ocean.
Urban-runoff naturalization
Short-lived and local patterns of temperature and moisture we call?
WEATHER
occurs when renewable water supplies are inadequate to satisfy essential human or ecosystem needs, bringing about increased competition among potential demands
Water stress
is the total amount of water taken from a lake, river, or aquifer
Withdrawal
Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the ___ pressure
ambient
Porous layers of sand, gravel, or rock lying below the water table are called
aquifers
. A layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body that is held in place by the gravity of that body.
atmosphere
. The amount of oxygen required for biochemical decomposition processes is called the
biological or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
the most abundant human-caused greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide
a colorless, odorless gas that even at very low concentrations is extremely toxic to humans and other animals
carbon monoxide
Two important gases being measured in ice cores are ?
carbon-dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4).
The long-term average of weather typically averaged over 30 years.
climate
long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.
climate
a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns.
climate change
refers specifically to the rise in global temperatures from the mid20th century to present.
climate change
six most common pollutants are called
criteria pollutants
Tree-ring chronology, known as
dendrochronology
has produced a proxy record of climate that extends back over 10,000 years
dendrochronology,
We measure the size of a river in terms of its ____, the amount of water that passes a fixed point in a given amount of time
discharge
A collective term encompassing aspects of the law that protect the environment
environmental law
This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body
eutrophication
when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, which induces excessive growth of algae.
eutrophication
what layer: satellite
exosphere
what layer: spaceshup
exosphere
The process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere
greenhouse effect
A gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range
greenhouse gases
a general term for gases that are especially effective at capturing the long-wavelength energy from the Earth's surface
greenhouse gases
these chemicals include carcinogens, neurotoxins, mutagens, teratogens, endocrine system disrupters, and other highly toxic compounds
hazardous air pollutants
. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to is ____, and the temperature of the atmosphere is ____
high;low
troposphere-altitude and temperature relationship
higher A, lower T
earth's earliest atmosphere was composed of?
hydrogen and helium
40-50 km to 80-90 km
mesosphere
The third layer of the atmosphere directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere
mesosphere
what layer: meteors
mesosphere
what is the coldest part of the Earth's atmosphere with temperatures ___
mesosphere; below -143 degrees Celsius.
Clean, dry air is mostly ?
nitrogen and oxygen
Highly reactive gases formed when nitrogen in fuel or combustion air is heated to temperatures above 650°C (1,200°F) in the presence of oxygen, or when bacteria in soil or water oxidize nitrogen-containing compounds
nitrogen oxides
a pollutant, but it serves an essential function in the stratosphere
ozone
Two important nutrients that cause water-pollution problems are
phosphorus and nitrogen
The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed
pressure
2 ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE
pressure and temperature
These pollutants are emitted directly into the air.
primary pollutant
refers to scientific data that are not strictly climatic but can be correlated with climate data, such as the temperature of the land or sea
proxy data
where dissolved oxygen increases, and BOD is reduced because most of the oxygen demanding organic waste from the input of sewage has decomposed,
recovery zone
Lower soil layers where all spaces are filled with water make up the zone of?
saturation
The limited availability of a commodity may be in demand in the market or by the commons
scarcity
They are modified to a hazardous form after they enter the air or are formed by chemical reactions as components of the air mix and interact.
secondary pollutant
A type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people
sewage
It is characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition, chemical and toxic constituents, and bacteriologic status.
sewage
have relatively fixed locations and include point sources, fugitive sources, and area sources
stationary sources
11 to 50 km
stratosphere
Ozone formed in what layer?
stratosphere
what layer: radiosonde
stratosphere
e. A colorless and odorless gas usually present at Earth's surface in low concentrations
sulfur dioxide
The six criteria pollutants are;
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulates, and lead
A physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses hot and cold
temperature
It is the manifestation of thermal energy present in all matter, which is the source of heat, a flow of energy when a body is in contact with another that is colder.
temperature
Temperature is measured with a?.
thermometer
80-90 to 800 km
thermosphere
It is a region of highly ionized (electrically charged) gases, heated by a steady flow of high-energy solar and cosmic radiation
thermosphere
heated layer
thermosphere
aurora borealis and aurora australis, or northern and southern lights happens at?
thermospherewh
troposphere from the greek word ___ means ?
tropein; turn or change
what layer: hot air balloon
troposhere
0 to 12-18 km, what layer
troposphere
The layer of air immediately adjacent to the Earth's surface
troposphere
this layer is much denser than the other layers
troposphere
what layer: airplane
troposphere
ZONES OF ATMOSPHERE
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
The surface runoff of precipitation created by urbanization
urban runoff
Any water that has been contaminated by human use
wastewater
used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial, or agricultural activities, surface runoff or stormwater, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration
wastewater
the most abundant greenhouse gas, and it is always present in the atmosphere.
water vapor
The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are?
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
The state of the atmosphere describes the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy
weather
. Upper soil layers that hold both air and water make up WHAT ZONE
zone of aeration