Weekly Quiz Eight--Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics

Kant held that ____ possess intrinsic worth.

all rational creatures

Bentham used _____ to show how our individual welfare is inseparable from social welfare.

an egoistic hook

According to Kant, the moral law _____

cannot be discovered in actual behavior

The _____ commands us to always treat ourselves and others as ends.

categorical imperative (it is wrong, don't know the the exact answer) (Its Practical Imperative, hehe)

The moral-nonmoral distinction is _____

descriptive

Mill says that people lose their high aspirations if they ____

don't have the time or opportunity to indulge them

Bentham's utilitarianism is _____ , whereas Mill's is _____.

egoistic; altruistic

Mill argued that there are _____ grounds for claiming that some pleasures are superior to others.

empirical

According to Mill, a proper education _____.

fosters social concern and good character

Mill said that some people choose lower pleasures because they _____.

have weak characters and bad habits

Bentham named his technique for scientifically determining the proper course of action for any circumstance the _____.

hedonic calculus

Bentham referred to "units" of pleasure as _____.

hedons

Which (if any) of the following is the best basic formulation of the principle of utility?

Act always to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

_____ is the capacity to promote the welfare of others.

Altruism

____ argued that welfare programs encourage idleness and overpopulation.

Malthus

"_____" is Rawls's term for an imaginary setting in which we can objectively identify fundamental principles of justice without succumbing to personal biases.

Original position

_____ is the belief that we must base all decisions on considerations of pain and pleasure.

Psychological hedonism

A thought experiment is _____.

a way of using imagination to test a hypothesis that cannot be tested in fact

Bentham based his moral philosophy on the importance of _____.

actual consequences

"If you're cold, then close the window" is an example of a _____

hypothetical imperative

Bentham thought that the only difference between two pleasures is _____.

intensity

According to Kant, morality is a matter of _____

motives

Bentham thought that all human activity is shaped by _____.

pain and pleasure

Bentham uses the term "utility" to mean _____.

pleasure-maximizing

A major difference between Mill and Bentham centered on whether or not _____.

pleasures differ in quality

The moral-immoral distinction is _____

prescriptive

According to Mill, the principal cause of unhappiness is _____.

selfishness

"Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become a universal law of nature" is a formulation of _____.

the categorical imperative

According to Kant, duty is defined as _____.

the necessity of acting from respect for the moral law

By "maxim" Kant meant _____

the rule which is willed categorically

According to John Rawls, the fundamental principles of justice are those principles _____.

to which free and rational persons would agree

One meaning of "utility" is _____.

usefulness

The _____ is a problem-solving device that prevents us from knowing our social status and the like.

veil of ignorance

Simple utilitarianism is based on the notion that _____.

we must maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Mill argued that the only people qualified to settle disputes about the relative worth of two pleasures are those _____.

who have experience of both