Weekly Quiz Eight--Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics
Kant held that ____ possess intrinsic worth.
all rational creatures
Bentham used _____ to show how our individual welfare is inseparable from social welfare.
an egoistic hook
According to Kant, the moral law _____
cannot be discovered in actual behavior
The _____ commands us to always treat ourselves and others as ends.
categorical imperative (it is wrong, don't know the the exact answer) (Its Practical Imperative, hehe)
The moral-nonmoral distinction is _____
descriptive
Mill says that people lose their high aspirations if they ____
don't have the time or opportunity to indulge them
Bentham's utilitarianism is _____ , whereas Mill's is _____.
egoistic; altruistic
Mill argued that there are _____ grounds for claiming that some pleasures are superior to others.
empirical
According to Mill, a proper education _____.
fosters social concern and good character
Mill said that some people choose lower pleasures because they _____.
have weak characters and bad habits
Bentham named his technique for scientifically determining the proper course of action for any circumstance the _____.
hedonic calculus
Bentham referred to "units" of pleasure as _____.
hedons
Which (if any) of the following is the best basic formulation of the principle of utility?
Act always to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
_____ is the capacity to promote the welfare of others.
Altruism
____ argued that welfare programs encourage idleness and overpopulation.
Malthus
"_____" is Rawls's term for an imaginary setting in which we can objectively identify fundamental principles of justice without succumbing to personal biases.
Original position
_____ is the belief that we must base all decisions on considerations of pain and pleasure.
Psychological hedonism
A thought experiment is _____.
a way of using imagination to test a hypothesis that cannot be tested in fact
Bentham based his moral philosophy on the importance of _____.
actual consequences
"If you're cold, then close the window" is an example of a _____
hypothetical imperative
Bentham thought that the only difference between two pleasures is _____.
intensity
According to Kant, morality is a matter of _____
motives
Bentham thought that all human activity is shaped by _____.
pain and pleasure
Bentham uses the term "utility" to mean _____.
pleasure-maximizing
A major difference between Mill and Bentham centered on whether or not _____.
pleasures differ in quality
The moral-immoral distinction is _____
prescriptive
According to Mill, the principal cause of unhappiness is _____.
selfishness
"Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become a universal law of nature" is a formulation of _____.
the categorical imperative
According to Kant, duty is defined as _____.
the necessity of acting from respect for the moral law
By "maxim" Kant meant _____
the rule which is willed categorically
According to John Rawls, the fundamental principles of justice are those principles _____.
to which free and rational persons would agree
One meaning of "utility" is _____.
usefulness
The _____ is a problem-solving device that prevents us from knowing our social status and the like.
veil of ignorance
Simple utilitarianism is based on the notion that _____.
we must maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
Mill argued that the only people qualified to settle disputes about the relative worth of two pleasures are those _____.
who have experience of both
