Wildlife Policy and Administration Exam 1
Boston enacted the first hunting seasons for wildlife in ______. a. 1739 b. 1668 c. 1492 d. 1698 e. 1521 f. 1701
1698
Boston enacted the first hunting seasons for wildlife in what year?
1698
At the park of the deer population in the 1500's, there were probably around how many deer in North America?
34
Which Acts were responsible for providing a cleaner environment throughout the US (select all that apply) a. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 b. Clean Water Act of 1972 c. Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act of 1977 d. Clean Air Act of 1970 e. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 f. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 g. Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
4.29 clean air act of 1970, nepa 69, clean water act of 72 5.71 clean water act of 72, clean air act of 70, clean air act amendment of 77, & toxic substances control act of 76 .57 nepa, clean water act of 72, clean air act of 70, clean air act amendments of 77 .71 clean air, nepa, clean water, surface mining, toxic
Before the time of the European, there was somewhere between _______ and _______ million deer in North America. a. 20;25 b. 2;7 c. 1;2 d. 9;19 e. 100;150 f. 1,000;1,500
9;19
The _____________________ was amended in 1966 and it set forth procedures for federal agencies for formal and informal rulemaking, informal agency action, and adjudicatory proceedings. a. Federal Agency Revision Act b. Administrative Revision Act c. Wilderness Act d. Administrative Procedures Act e. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934
Administrative Procedures Act
The _____________________ was amended in 1966 and it set forth procedures for federal agencies for formal and informal rulemaking, informal agency action, and adjudicatory proceedings. a. Federal Agency Revision Act b. Administrative Revision Act c. Wilderness Act d. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934 e. Administrative Procedures Act
Administrative Procedures Act
Which agencies are typically considered what type of agency? a. Legislative agencies b. Administrative agencies c. Ordinal agencies d. Congressional agencies e. Constitutional agencies f. Regulatory agencies
Administrative agencies Regulatory agencies
The ____________________ was enacted to assist with the eradication of wildlife that threatened livestock grazing and agriculture on Western federal and private lands (Choose all that apply) a. Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 b. Wildlfe Control Act of 1952 c. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937 d. Taylor Grazing Act of 1943
Animal Damage Control Act of 1931
Which Act(s) was the enabling legislation for the agency that would eventually become the USDA APHIS Wildlife Services Program? (Choose all that apply) a. Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 b. Animal Welfare Act of 1966 c. Endangered Species Act of 1973 d. The Wildlife Services Act of 1995 e. Taylor Grazing Act of 1943
Animal Damage Control Act of 1931
The __________________ required the human treatment, care, and transport of all warm-blooded animals, including wildlife used for research, teaching, exhibition, and as pets. (Choose all that apply) a. Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 b. Mammal Protection Act of 1969 c. Animal Welfare Act of 1966 d. Animal Protection Act of 1968
Animal Welfare Act of 1966
The __________________ required the human treatment, care, and transport of all warm-blooded animals, including wildlife used for research, teaching, exhibition, and as pets. (Choose all that apply) a. Mammal Protection Act of 1969 b. Animal Welfare Act of 1966 c. Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 d. Animal Protection Act of 1968
Animal Welfare Act of 1966
____________________ was the first federal statute to prohibit the taking, possession of, or commerce in a particular species of wildlife. a. The White-tailed Deer Hunting Act of 1921 b. Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940 c. Pelican Island Protection Act of 1900 d. The Canada Goose Protection Act of 1912
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940
Bounties have been historically used as a tool by wildlife biologists to achieve objectives. Which of the below statements about boundaries is true (choose all that apply). a. Bounties were used to reduce deer populations, which is the primary reason they were in such decline by the 1900s b. Bounties often backfire and do not achieve the intended goal c. Bounties were commonly used to address problems with pest species d. Since the federal wildlife bounty legislation act of 1983, only the federal government can approve the use of Pittman-Robertson Act funds for bounty payments e. Bounties are still commonly used by state wildlife agencies to meet management goals
Bounties often backfire and do not achieve the intended goal Bounties were commonly used to address problems with pest species
The _______________________ was an early attempt to address the poor air quality conditions that were present in many places throughout the US. a. Clean Air and Water Act of 1958 b. Clean Air Act of 1955 c. Clean Air Act of 1940 d. Pollution Control Act of 1950
Clean Air Act of 1955
The _______________________ was an early attempt to address the poor air quality conditions that were present in many places throughout the US. a. Clean Air and Water Act of 1958 b. Pollution Control Act of 1950 c. Clean Air Act of 1955 d. Clean Air Act of 1940
Clean Air Act of 1955
_______________ is developed in the judicial branches of government and is sometimes referred to as the "Law of the Land" because it is based on precedent and what is accepted as law by the general public. This type of law uses the nation's constitution as the ultimate litmus test, although individual judges often interpret the constitutions differently at different times in history. (Choose all that apply) a. An executive order b. Statutory law c. Regulatory action d. Common law
Common law
Which of the following journals generally publish articles with a focus on conservation for the sake of the ecosystem. (Choose all that apply) a. Conservation Biology b. Journal of Ecology c. Journal of Nature, Conservation, and Biological Conservation d. Journal of Wildlife Management e. Journal of Forestry f. Transactions of American Fisheries Society g. Human Wildlife Interactions
Conservation biology Journal of ecology Journal of nature, conservation and biological conservation
The ________________was signed in response to the urgent need to control commercial trade in rare wildlife trade. (Choose all that apply) a. Rare Bird and Mammal Agreement of 1974 b. World Wide Fauna Conservation Act of 1975 c. Convention on Endangered Species of 1972 d. Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora of 1973 e. Endangered Species Act of 1973
Conventional of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora of 1973
The ___________________ imposed a federal excise tax on fishing equipment boats, boat fuel, and other related items to provide funds for the management of sport fish and their assorted fisheries. (Choose all that apply) Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950 Pittman-Robertson Act Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937 Dingell-Johnson Act The Sport Fish Fund Act
Dingell-Johnson Act and Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950
__________________ is the amount of perturbation or disturbance an ecosystem can absorb without transitioning to an alternate state or condition. a. Retroaction b. Ecological resilience c. Resistance d. Ecological resistance
Ecological resilience
Eight characteristics have been suggested that go into management for multiple use or, as it has sometimes been called, integrative collaborative ecosystem management: (Choose all that apply) a. economic incentives b. regressive data c. amphibians d. economic disincentives e. overinfluence of multidiciplinary agency approaches f. alternatives g. mammals h. a consensus group approach i. monitoring and adaptive management j. respect k. reptiles l. stakeholder influence m. integrated and balanced goals n. birds o. collaborative stewardship p. goals that reflect the needs of the agency q. multidiciplinary data r. inclusive public involvement
Economic incentives A consensus group approach Monitoring and adaptive management Stakeholder influence Integrated and balanced goals Collarborative stewardship Multidisciplinary data Inclusive public involvement
The ____________________ was the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered and threatened species ever enacted by any nation. a. Endangered Species Act of 1973 b. Endangered Species Act of 1983 c. Endangered Species Act of 1963 d. Endangered Species Act of 1902
Endangered Species Act of 1973
One of the first test cases for the __________________ was Tennessee Valley Authority v Hill in 1978. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a quasi-government agency designed to build and maintain dams on the Tennessee River and its tributaries to provide electricity to the rural Southeast. In 1967, the multi-million dollar Tellico Dam project on the Little Tennessee River was started. Progress was halted on the project after 1973 because the endangered snail darter (Percina tanasi) was found upstream. The Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision that continuance of the project would exterminate an endangered species. (Choose all that apply) a. Discharge Volume Act b. Migratory Bird Treat Act c. Clean Water Act d. TVA Act e. Endangered Species Act f. Lacey Act
Endangered species act
The _________________, including its various departments, has the authority to write regulations, ordinances, and rules. (Choose all that apply) a. congress b. common law agency c. senate d. executive branch
Executive branch
The _____________________ was enacted to promote federal research on wildlife on federal lands, and for state agencies to cooperate to develop a national program for wildlife conservation. (Choose all that apply) a. The Federal Wildlife Reserach Fund Act of 2001 b. Bigratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act of 1934 c. Animal Damage Control Act of 1931 d. The Fish and Game Research Act of 1955 e. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934 f. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937
FIsh and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934
Another provision of the 1900 Lacey Act was the ability to prevent the importation of certain exotic species declared by the Secretary of Interior as nuisances. a. True b. False
False
Because of the realities of the Tragedy of the Commons, rules needed to be established, even in early America, to prevent over-exploitation of wildlife, except in areas with relatively large human populations. a. True b. False
False
In contrast to the sustained yield, the multiple use form of conservation, many agencies insist on more limited use of their lands and the resources they produce. For example, national wildlife refuges and National Parks in the United States and Canada restrict the use of their properties to low-invasive purposes. True \ False
False
In the mid-1950's Leopold distinguished conservation biology from natural resource fields of fisheries biology, forestry and wildlife management in that conservation biology focuses on the environment whereas the other three areas are more utilitarian and include economics a. True b. False
False
Individual states have only limited control of the harvest of fisheries. a. True b. False
False
Once a state's authority to manage wildlife or to regulate any action, is set, it cannot be changed. a. True b. False
False
Other people who have little contact with the natural world may have a negative attitude toward natural resources. a. True b. False
False
Other people who have little contact with the natural world may have a positive attitude toward natural resources. a. True b. False
False
Pure conservation biology takes into account the human aspect a. True b. False
False
Social media has no place in the management of wildlife. a. True b. False
False
The Crown vs. New Jersey was the first US Supreme Court decision involving wild animals a. True b. False
False
The ESA not only requires federal consultation before major federal action impacting threatened or endangered species is undertaken, called a Section 1 Consultation, but it outlaws the taking of such species and provides for acquisition of habitat to protect threatened and endangered species. a. True b. False
False
The Pittman-Robertson Act can be used to pay for television advertisements. a. True b. False
False
What factors led to the incredibly large deer population in the 1500s? a. Planting of food plots for deer b. Farming c. Intensive management by Aldo Leopold and other comntemporary wildlife biologists d. The creation of deer reserves e. Extensive laws designed to protect deer populations and habitat f. The creation of towns and villages g. Habitat fragmentation
Farming The creation of towns and villages Habitat fragmentation
The ____________________ imposed a federal excise tax on fishing equipment, boats, boat fuel, and other related items to provide funds for the management of sport fish and their associated fisheries. (Choose all that apply) a. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950 b. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937 c. Duck Stamp Act of 1934 d. Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 e. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Act of 1903
Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950
The ____________________ imposed a federal excise tax on hunting equipment and firearms and apportioned the funds to the states for state management and restoration of fish and wildlife resources and habitats. a. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937 b. Duck Stamp Act of 1934 c. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950 d. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Act of 1903 e. Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937
Which Act(s) is the current guiding legislation for the Bureau of Land Management. (Choose all that apply) a. Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976 b. Public Lands Management Act of 1976 c. Bureau of Land Management Act of 1976 d. National Forest Management Act of 1976
Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976
The _____________ was enacted to protect waterways by providing grants for sewage and treatment plants. (Choose all that apply) a. Sewage Treatment Act of 1947 b. Clean Air and Water Act of 1958 c. Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 d. Clean Water Act of 1955
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948
Manifest Destiny was an idea that the US was special, being blessed by God, which was an idea that went back to the US Constitution. As these new lands were purchased, Americans felt that it was their responsibility to move into these new lands and dominate them. Which act(s) was designed to speed this process? (Choose all that apply) a. Manifest Destiny Act b. The Far and Away Act c. The Antiquities Act d. The Personal Land Acquisition Act e. The Vacant Land Reinvestment Act f. Homestead Act
Homestead Act
Administrative agencies do what in regards to state laws that are created by the legislature (choose all that apply) a. Implement the law b. Expand the law to new areas c. Interpret the law d. Supplement the law e. Create common law f. Expand the power of the agency to new areas not specifies by the legislature g. Create new laws if they are not specified by the legislature
Implement the law Interpret the law Supplement the law
The ________________ have extensive powers over the regulation of wildlife harvests (Choose all that apply) a. executive branch of the Federal government b. Judiciary Branch c. individual states d. Regulatory Branch e. Congress
Individual states
Referendums on wildlife issues help wildlife managers effectively reach their management objectives.
It is possible, but not always
The 1981 Lacey Act Amendment did what? (Choose all that apply) a. It prohibits commerce in fish and wildlife taken in violation of tribal, foreign, and federal wildlife laws. b. It made the improper or false labeling, marking or recordkeeping illegal c. It punishes trafficking in illegally taken wildlife d. It combined the provisions of the 1900 Lacey Act and the Black Bass Act of 1926 so that fish, wildlife, and plants are now covered under the original federal prohibition on the interstate transport and sale of wildlife killed in violation of state laws or regulations.
It prohibits commerce in fish and wildlife taken in violation of tribal, foreign, and federal wildlife laws. It made the improper or false labeling, marking or recordkeeping illegal It punishes trafficking in illegally taken wildlife It combined the provisions of the 1900 Lacey Act and the Black Bass Act of 1926 so that fish, wildlife, and plants are now covered under the original federal prohibition on the interstate transport and sale of wildlife killed in violation of state laws or regulations.
Proposition 5 in Utah did what? (Select all that apply) a. It amended the constitution to protect the right to hunt and fish b. It required a 2/3 vote for any state law which limits the taking of wildlife c. It didn't do any of these d. It limited the ability of the public to take wildlife using leg hold traps, snares, and poisons
It required a 2/3 vote for any state law which limits the taking of wildlife
The Food Security Act of 1985 did what? (Choose all that apply) a. It allowed for the growing of crops on National Wildlife Refuges b. It set up the Conservation Reserve Program c. It provided rent payments to farms who remove wetlands from crop production. d. It protected wetlands by rendering farmers growing crops on wetlands ineligible for federal farm programs.
It set up the Conservation Reserve Program It Provided rent payments to farms who remove wetlands from crop production It protected wetlands by rendering farmers growing crops on wetlands ineligible for federal farm programs
Which of the following journals generally publish articles which are more pragmatic in that they deal with resources used by humans. (Choose all that apply) a. Conservation Biology b. Journal of Forestry c. Journal of Nature, Conservation, and Biological Conservation d. Human Wildlife Interactions e. Journal of Ecology f. Journal of Wildlife Management Transactions of American Fisheries Society
Journal of forestry Human wildlife interactions Journal of wildlife management Transactions of American fisheries society
Which of the following journals generally publish articles with a focus on conservation for the sake of the ecosystem. (Choose all that apply) a. Journal of Forestry b. Human Wildlife Interactions c. Journal of Nature, Conservation, and Biological Conservation d. Transactions of American Fisheries Society e. Journal of Wildlife Management f. Conservation Biology g. Journal of Ecology
Journal of nature, conservation, and biological conservation Conservation Biology Journal of ecology
Common law is created by who? (Select all that apply) a. Agency administrators b. Wildlife biologists c. City council members d. Congress critters e. Legislators f. Judges
Judges
Aldo Leopold is considered to be the father of game management. Where did he work in the 1920's that led him to develop his ideas about conservation that would help guide his views about predator management. (Choose all that apply) a. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge b. Kiabab National Forest c. Teddy Roosevelt National Wildlife Refute d. Lacey Island National Wildlife Refuge e. Lacey Island National Forest f. Teddy Roosevelt National Forest
Kiabab National Forest
The Tariff Act of 1930 strengthened which act(s) by prohibiting importation of any bird or mammal illegally taken or exported from a foreign nation. (Choose all that apply) a. The Wildlife Importation Act of 1945 b. Lacey Act c. Roosevelt Act d. The Wildlife Importation Act Amendment of 2001 e. Migratory Bird Treaty Act f. The Bird and Mammal Protection Act g. Game and Bird Preservation Act h. Migratory Bird Conservation Act
Lacey Act
What Acts provided legislation for the use of public lands and/or funds for outdoor recreation. (Choose all that apply) a. Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965 b. Estuarine Areas Act of 1968 c. National Wildlife Refuge System Act of 1970 d. Wild and Senic River Act of 1968 e. Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 f. National Trails System Act of 1968 g. Wilderness Act of 1964 h. Fur Seal Trapping and Recreation Act of 1966
Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965 Wild and Scenic River Act of 1968 Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 National Trails System Act of 1968
To Chief Justice Taney, the legal question here involved whether the King of England had the right to make thjs grant and whether tills grant still pertained after independence. The Supreme Court declared that, due to the Magna Carta, the king did not have the authority to grant these lands to the Duke. Moreover, when the people of New Jersey took over the governance of the state they assumed the rights and authorities of the same. Thus the state, not individuals, assumed the role of successors to Parliament and the Crown. This decision was the basis for the Public Trust Doctrine that wildlife belongs to the people in common, and that state governments have the obligation to protect these resources for the common good. This doctrine was to permanently shape wildlife conservation in North America. What court case is described here? (Choose all that apply) a. Smith vs. Maryland b. Marten vs. Waddell c. Manchester vs. Massachusetts d. Crown vs. New Jersey e. Greer vs. Connecticut f. McCreedy vs. Virginia
Marten vs. Waddell
In what cases did wildlife law supported states' rights over those of the federal government (select all that apply). a. Marten vs. Waddell b. Greer vs. Connecticut c. Smith vs. Maryland d. McCreedy vs. Virginia e. Manchester vs. Massachusetts f. Crown vs. New Jersey
Marten vs. Waddell Greer vs. Connecticut Smith vs. Maryland McCreedy vs. Virginia Manchester vs. Massachusetts
____________ was among the first to address this question, and described conservation biology as a "new stage in the application of science to conservation problems". (Choose all that apply) a. Jim Mitchell b. Michael Soule c. Elfen Reinstein d. Andre Mitchell e. Joe Caudell f. Aldo Leopold g. Gifford Pinchot
Michael soule
Migratory Bird Treaty Act was passed in 1918. It was tested in what court case in 1920 when a state sued a federal conservation officer for being too aggressive in his enforcement of the Act. The state claimed that the officer's pursuit of violators was infringing on the right of that states citizens to hunt waterfowl. The Supreme Court held up this act, firmly established that migratory birds could be regulated by the federal government. (Choose all that apply) a. McCreedy vs. Virginia b. Greer vs. Connecticut c. Crown vs. New Jersey d. Missouri v Holland e. Smith vs. Maryland
Missouri vs. Holland
Which one of these laws was the most significant act impacting federal agencies? a. Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 b. Administration Policy Act of 1968 c. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 d. Council of Environmental Quality Act of 1971 e. The 2009 revision of the National Environmental Policy Act
National Environmental Policy Act 1969
The _________________ was the broadest piece of Congressional legislation passed for the protection of the environment. a. Environmental Quality and Improvement Act of 1970 b. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 c. Clean Air and Water Act of 1958 d. Endangered Species Act of 1973
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Which one of these laws was the most significant act impacting federal agencies? a. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 b. Administration Policy Act of 1968 c. Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 d. Council of Environmental Quality Act of 1971 e. The 2009 revision of the National Environmental Policy Act
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
The ______________________ is the current legislation directing the US Forest Service with the primary mission being multiple use. The US Forest Service manages habitat while the states manage fish and resident wildlife on the various national forests, which is different from the approach used on other federal lands (Choose all that apply) a. Land and Water Conservation Act of 1975 b. Wilderness Act of 1964 c. Forested Lands Restoration Act of 1972 d. National Forest Management Act of 1976 e. Taylor Grazing Act of 1943
National Forest Management Act of 1976
Which Act(s) is the current legislation directing the US Forest Service. (Choose all that apply) a. National Forest Management Act of 1976 b. Public Lands Management Act of 1976 c. Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976 d. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
National Forest Management Act of 1976
Which Act(s) sought to consolidate all of the different refuge areas into a single refuge "system"? (Choose all that apply) a. National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 b. The Refuge Reform Act of 1963 c. The Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 d. The Refuge Revenue Sharing Act of 1964
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
______________ sought to consolidate all of the different refuge areas into a single refuge system. (Choose all that apply) a. Western Lands Consolidation Act of 1966 b. Refuge Revenue Sharing Act of 1964 c. National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966\ d. Western Lands Range Protection Act of 1955 e. Federal Lands Consolidation Act of 1965
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
Could Greer, in Greer vs. Connecticut 1896, have been prosecuted under the 1900 Lacey Act (if it had been in place when he broke the law)? Why (Choose all that apply) a. Yes. He broke the law and transported the waterfowl across state lines. He would have been the perfect candidate for applying this law. b. No. Even though Geer sold waterfowl across state lines, his harvests were legal in the state of Connecticut. c. Yes. Because waterfowl are managed by both the state and federal wildlife agencies. d. No. Greer was dealing in waterfowl which is only managed by state regulations.
No, even though Greer sold waterfowl across state lines, his harvests were legal in the state of Connecticut
What are some examples of species that were brought to the brink of extinction and then recovered by wildlife managers a. Meleagris gallopavo b. Mallard c. Passenger pigeon d. Odocoilieus virginianus e. Wild turkey f. European starling g. Branta canadensis h. White-tailed deer
Odocoilieus virginianus Wild turkey Branta canadensis White-tailed deer
What was the name of the 1st wildlife refuge and what year was it established? a. Anteguia Island NWR; 1901 b. Amelia Island NWR; 1901 c. Amelia Island Bird Sanctuary; 1902 d. Roosevelt Island NWR; 1900 e. Amelia Island; 1904 f. Pelican Island NWR; 1903 g. Roosevelt Island NWR; 1903 h. Pelican Island NWR; 1900
Pelican Island NWR; 1903
What was the name of the 1st wildlife refuge and what year was it established? a. Pelican Island NWR; 1903 b. Roosevelt Island NWR; 1900 c. Amelia Island; 1904 d. Amelia Island NWR; 1901 e. Amelia Island Bird Sanctuary; 1902 f. Roosevelt Island NWR; 1903 g. Pelican Island NWR; 1900 h. Anteguia Island NWR; 1901
Pelican Island NWR; 1903
What was the first National Wildlife Refuge? a. Teddy Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge b. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge c. Anaconda Island National Wildlife Refuge d. Lacey Island National Wildlife Refuge
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
Sustainability of natural resources is based upon three tenants. What are they?(Choose three) a. Permanence b. Reversals c. Continuance d. Management e. Alternatives f. Wise use g. Preservation h. Conservation i. Relationship
Permanence Continuance Relationship
What three Acts passed from 1930 until 1950 were some of the most significant for providing funding for the conservation of fish and wildlife species. All three of these are still an important source of revenue today for the conservation of fish and wildlife species. (Select 3) a. Pittman-Robertson Act b. Dingell-Johnson Act c. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act d. Fish and Wildlife Remuneration Act e. Lacey Act f. Tarrif Act g. Dingleberry-JimmyJohns Act h. Administrative Procedures Act i. Federal Fish and Wildlife Funding Act j. Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act
Pittman-Robertson Act Dingell-Johnson Act Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act
What laws help wildlife managers recover wildlife species? (Select all that apply) a. Wildlife reform and restoration act b. Wilson act c. Buck and doe restoration act d. Dingell Johnson act e. Pittman-Robertson act f. Deer advisory council act
Pittman-Robertson act
The monitoring and evaluation method of _______________ has been extensively used and formalized in stream and wetland environments, but it is also useful in the assessment of terrestrial landscapes. It is a series of questions about an area designed to obtain information in a short period of time. The method is relatively inexpensive compared to detailed analyses and, if conducted with consistency, can provide insight to change within a conservation area or population through time. This approach has been enhanced and widely used by NGOs such as Conservation International and the World Wildlife Fund. This technique, by their very nature and lack of rigor, are open to subjectivity and reduced reliability compared to some other method of evaluation. (Choose all that apply) a. Adaptive management b. Status assessment c. rapid bioassessment d. Redactive assessment
Rapid bioassessment
________________ is the ability of an ecosystem to withstand stress without changing. a. Retroaction b. Ecological resistance c. Ecological resilience d. Resistance
Resistance
The _________________ was born during the upsurge in federal environmental and public land protection in the west. It argued that the federal government agencies lacked the constitutional authority to support long-term, extensive land ownership and that state ownership was superior to federal ownership because the state governments were closer to the people. (Choose all that apply) a. Roosevelt Land Act Revolt b. Fedeal Lands Rebellion c. State vs Federal Ownership Revolt d. McEntire Rebellion e. Sagebrush Rebellion f. Sagebrush Revolt
Sagebrush Rebellion
Which aspect of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation was first introduced by Roosevelt and then later reinforced by Leopold as the basis for informed decision making? a. Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy b. Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose c. Wildlife resources are a public trust d. Democracy of hunting is standard e. Wildlife is an international resource f. Allocation of wildlife is by law g. Markets for game are eliminated
Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy
What are the seven components or principles of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation (select all that apply) a. Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy b. Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose c. Allocation of wildlife is by law d. Allocation of wildlife is determined by the landowner e. Member of the royal houses from Europe are excluded from hunting in North America f. Wildlife is an international resource g. Wildlife is an national resource h. Markets for game are eliminated i. Wildlife resources are a public trust j. Democracy of hunting is standard k. Public policy for wildlife is determined by the need of hunters
Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose Allocation of wildlife is by law Wildlife is an international resource Markets for game are eliminated Wildlife resources are a public trust Democracy of hunting is standard
Rachel Carson's book ________________ was published in _________ and it described the consequences of pesticide contamination and environmental contamination. It was a wakeup call for many people throughout the country. a. Silent Spring; 1962 b. Silent Spring; 1964 c. Silent Summer; 1963 d. Screaming Summer; 1960 e. Silent Summer; 1962 f. Whining Winter; 1963 g. Silent Spring; 1960
Silent Spring; 1962
One of the ways that we represent the concept of sustainability is by three concentric circle of ____________, ________________, and _______________. a. preservation b. alternatives c. conservation d. society e. economy f. environment g. management
Society Economy Environment
__________ is created by the enactment of new laws by the legislative branches of the nation, states, and provinces. (Choose all that apply) a. Common law b. Statutory law c. An executive order d. Regulatory action
Statutory Law
Legislators develop a Bill in the House of Representatives or Senate, debate its contents, perhaps amend it, and vote on its acceptability to create a (an) _______________. (Choose all that apply) a. executive order b. regulatory action c. common law d. statutory law
Statutory law
What are five Acts that are important for the operations and management of lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management? (select 5) a. Taylor Grazing Act b. Pittman-Robertson Act c. National Environmental Policy Act d. Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burros Act e. Federal Land Policy Management Act f. Lacey Act g. Public Rangelands Improvement Act h. Animal Welfare Act i. National Forest Management Act j. Coastal Zone Management Act k. Dingle-Johnson Act
Taylor Grazing Act National Environmental Policy Act Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burros Act Federal Land Policy Management Act Public Rangelands Improvement Act
The ____________________ was enacted to control overgrazing and overproduction on unappropriated public lands by establishing grazing districts and a grazing permit system. It also directed the Secretary of the Interior to do anything necessary to preserve the land and its resources from destruction or unnecessary injury. (Choose all that apply) a. Desert Lands Restoration Act of 1945 b. Taylor Grazing Act of 1943 c. Wilderness Act of 1964 d. Western Lands Range Protection Act of 1950 e. Land and Water Conservation Act of 1950
Taylor Grazing Act of 1943
The _________________________ was enacted to control overgrazing and overproduction on unappropriated public lands by establishing grazing districts and a grazing permit system. (Choose all that apply) a. Wildlife Grazing Act of 1947 b. Habitat Damage Prevention Bill of 1945 c. Wildlife Damage Coordination Act of 1952 d. Taylor Grazing Act of 1943 e. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937
Taylor Grazing Act of 1943
The most important law providing restrictions on the taking of wildlife was a. The Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1899 b. The Retention and Restoration Act of 1894 c. The Roosevelt Act of 1898 d. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 e. The Lacey Act of 1900
The Lacey Act of 1900
The US Constitution recgonizes three primary and exclusive powers of the federal government. What are they? (Choose all that apply) a. The authority to make treaties and conventions with other nations b. The responsibility of protecting federally owned land c. The ability to restore wetland habitat d. The ability to exclusively manage migratory birds e. The ability to control interstate commerce f. The ability to enter into agreements with multiple states
The authority to make treaties and conventions with other nations The responsibility of protecting federally owned land The ability to control interstate commerce
What is the top level of law in the US? a. Ordinances b. Statutes c. Administrative law d. Administrative code e. The constitution f. Common law
The constitution
In early England and most of Europe, before the discovery of the Americas, all wildlife belonged to ____________. (Choose all that apply) a. all people b. the Crown c. only those who paid taxes d. the Queen's Gamekeeper e. the Prime Minister
The crown
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act established in 1918 was (Choose all that apply) a. The turning point in the movement from the era of sustained yield to ecological restoration b. the first act that protect all birds by the federal government c. The first legislation protecting a particular group of wildlife d. the first act to make the interstate transportation of birds illegal
The first legislation protecting a particular group of wildlife
Preservation is defined as a. the intensive management of resources, such as land, various species of wildlife or plant, specific genotypes, and even entire landscapes or other feature. b. the prudent use of natural resources with an eye to the maintenance of future availability and productivity. c. the protection of resources, such as land, various species of wildlife or plant, specific genotypes, and even entire landscapes or other feature. d. the wise use of natural resources.
The protection of resources, such as land, various species of wildlife or plants, specific genotypes, and even entire landscapes or other feature,
When we say that Common Law is based on precedent, we mean that (Choose all that apply) a. the law is based upon common sense b. what agencies decide is appropriate is regarded by the people as law. c. common people have accepted actions by the majority of people as being law. d. the law is based on the precedent set by the current US President. e. the whole history of previous decisions influences current decisions.
The whole history of previous decisions influences currently decisions
Which two early influential conservationists were responsible for the formation of the Boone and Crockett Club? (choose 2 answers) a. George Custer b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Thomas Reiger e. John Lacey f. George Bird Grinnell
Theodore Roosevelt George Bird Grinnell
What is "wanton waste"? (Select all that apply) a. The loss of species through improper wildlife management b. To intentionally waste something negligently or inappropriately c. Hunting law that are intended to define how hunters can take wildlife d. The incorrect disposal of animal waste e. Dumping our a bowl of wonton soup f. The incorrect disposal of environmental contaminants
To intentionally waste something negligently or inappropriately
What is the primary reason the Bald Eagle Act was created? (Select all that apply) a. It was a test case for the Endangered Speceis Act b. To protect a bird that served a valuable ecosystem function c. To restore an important game bird d. It was a test case for the Migratory Bird Treaty Act e. To protect the national symbol of the US
To protect the national symbol of the US
A prime example of the right to make treaties involves migratory birds. In 1913 the United States Congress passed the Migratory Bird Act, which declared that all migratory and insectivorous birds were within the protective custody of the federal government and that none could be harmed or harvested without specific authority of the federal government. a. True b. False
True
A very controversial and hotly contested wildlife law issue is the critical habitat clause of the Endangered Species Act. This clause has the power to prevent new and existing use of property if it is deemed essential habitat for an endangered species. Law suits are filed almost monthly by disgruntled property owners or users. a. True b. False
True
Another provision of the 1900 Lacey Act was the ability to prevent the importation of certain exotic species declared by the Secretary of Agriculture as nuisances. a. True b. False
True
As the human population in North America shifted to urban areas, market hunters responded by providing game animals for sale in these growing markets a. True b. False
True
Because of the realities of the Tragedy of the Commons, rules needed to be established, even in early America, to prevent over-exploitation of wildlife, especially in areas with relatively large human populations. a. True b. False
True
Ecosystem services are services provided by elements of the ecosystem, such as bees and trees, that provide a service, such as pollinating and cleaning the air, that is valuable to humans. a. True b. False
True
In 1900, the Lacey Act was passed by Congress. This was the first Act to support federal authority over wildlife, and it consisted of two parts. One part made it a federal crime to transport game that had been illegally harvested in one state across state lines and sell it in another state. a. True b. False
True
In contrast to the multiple use, sustained yield form of conservation, many agencies insist on more limited use of their lands and the resources they produce. For example, national wildlife refuges and National Parks in the United States and Canada restrict the use of their properties to low-invasive purposes. a. True b. False
True
In some cases where an issue could be managed by multiple agencies, that segment of the public affected by the law may try to get those powers moved to the more sympathetic agency. a. True b. False
True
In the mid-1980's Soule distinguished conservation biology from natural resource fields of fisheries biology, forestry and wildlife management in that conservation biology focuses on the environment whereas the other three areas are more utilitarian and include economics a. True b. False
True
Learning to work with the public is a critical skill for wildlife biologists. a. True b. False
True
Marten vs. Waddell was the first US Supreme Court decision involving wild animals. a. True b. False
True
New York established the first warden system in 1739. a. True b. False
True
Other people who have little contact with the natural world may have a indifferent attitude toward natural resources. a. True b. False
True
Pure conservation biology does not take into account the human aspect a. True b. False
True
Sustained yield is the mandate that resources should not be depleted or abused and that ideally these resources should last into perpetuity. a. True b. False
True
The ESA not only requires federal consultation before major federal action impacting threatened or endangered species is undertaken, called a Section 7 Consultation, but it outlaws the taking of such species and provides for acquisition of habitat to protect threatened and endangered species a. True b. False
True
The Federal government has the exclusive rights, as provided by the Constitution, to form treaties with other nations, regulate interstate commerce, and protect its property and lands. a. True b. False
True
The Food Security Act (Farm Bill) of 1985 contained "swampbuster" provisions to render farmers growing crops on wetlands ineligible for federal farm programs. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in that Act provides annual rent payments to farmers who remove wetlands and other sensitive lands from production. Other provisions over the years have been added that are geared to control the amount of farmland in production, but these provision also provide significant benefit over a monoculture agriculture field. a. True b. False
True
The North American Model of Conservation is a set of principles that, collectively applied, has led to the form, function, and successes of wildlife conservation and management in the United States and Canada. a. True b. False
True
The exploration of North America by the French and English was fundamentally motivated by the wealth of the continent's renewable natural resources and the opportunity by individuals to exploit them. a. True b. False
True
The federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) replaced previous weaker acts and is another Act that has had significant impact on both governmental and private interests. The ESA has been considered "the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered species ever enacted by any nation." Essentially, Congress declared that species of fish, wildlife and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value a. True b. False
True
The tragedy of the commons, in relation to natural resources, is essentially when natural resources are owned by everyone and are free to all, they will often get misused or abused unless there are laws in place to protect them. a. True b. False
True
While most modern natural resource policies are geared toward sustainability, conservation, or other long-term use, many policies that are recommended by companies desiring to maximize short-term profits may lean more toward heavy exploitation. a. True b. False
True
Some federal agencies are not regulatory when it comes to managing wildlife including (choose all that apply) a. US forest service b. Michigan DNR c. Kentucky DNR d. California fish and wildlife e. Georgia DNR f. USDA APHIS Wildlife Services g. Iowa DNR h. US fish and wildlife services
US Forest Service USDA APHIS Wildlife Services
The ____________________ was implement to address the declining worldwide whale populations. (Choose all that apply) a. Law of the Sea Act 1958 b. Whaling Convection Act of 1951 c. Whaling Control Act of 1949 d. Whaling Convention Act of 1950
Whaling Convention Act of 1950
The ____________________ declared that two exotic species were a living symbol of the historic pioneer spirit of the West and that these exotic species must be treated as an integral part of the natural system of the public lands. (Choose all that apply) a. The Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act b. Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 c. Free-roaming Wild Pig and Russian Boar Act of 1978 d. The European Starling and House Sparrow Protection Act e. Wild and Free-Roaming Brown Tree Snake Act of 201 f. What The Heck Were We Thinking Act of Who the Heck Knows
Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971
The ___________________ set aside specific areas for preservation in their natural state. (Choose all that apply) a. Wilderness Act of 1964 b. National Trails System Act of 1968 c. Wild and Senic River Act of 1968 Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965
Wilderness Act of 1964
Which aspect of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation was most influenced with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Convention in 1916? a. Markets for game are eliminated b. Democracy of hunting is standard c. Wildlife is an international resource d. Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy e. Allocation of wildlife is by law f. Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose g. Wildlife resources are a public trust
Wildlife is an international resource
Which aspect of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation is considered the keystone principle a. Allocation of wildlife is by law b. Wildlife resources are a public trust c. Wildlife is an international resource d. Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose e. Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy f. Democracy of hunting is standard g. Markets for game are eliminated
Wildlife resources are a public trust
Which of the following statements can be used to make a complete definition of a sportsman (select all that apply)? a. A sportsman hunts for the pursuit or the chase of the game b. A sportsman will inflict no unnecessary pain or suffering on game c. A sportsman derives no financial profit from game that is killed d. A sportsman will not waste any game that is killed e. A sportsman affords game fair chase f. A sportsman seeks knowledge of nature and the habits of animals
a. A sportsman hunts for the pursuit or the chase of the game b. A sportsman will inflict no unnecessary pain or suffering on game c. A sportsman derives no financial profit from game that is killed d. A sportsman will not waste any game that is killed e. A sportsman affords game fair chase f. A sportsman seeks knowledge of nature and the habits of animals
The federal government has the authority to manage some species of wildlife. What gives them that authority for which species (choose all that are correct) a. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to enter into treaties with other countries which allows the federal government to manage migratory species that cross national boundaries b. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to regulate commerce between states, which allows the federal government to become involved in cases where animals are illegally taken in one state and then transported to another state, c. Trick question: because the ability to manage wildlife is not specifically enumerated in the constitution, the federal government has no authority to manage wildlife, but does so only at the behest of state agencies for species and issues that are too complex to be managed at state or local levels d. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to enter into treaties with other countries which gives them the authority to manage species that are illegally brought into the US from other countries e. The 19th amendment to the constitution gives the federal government the direct authority to manage pest species f. Congress can write any law that authorizes the various administrative agencies the authority to mangage the various species of wildlife found in the US
a. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to enter into treaties with other countries which allows the federal government to manage migratory species that cross national boundaries b. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to regulate commerce between states, which allows the federal government to become involved in cases where animals are illegally taken in one state and then transported to another state, d. The constitution gives the federal government the authority to enter into treaties with other countries which gives them the authority to manage species that are illegally brought into the US from other countries
What were the reasons that the early Spanish came to the New World? (Choose all that apply) a. Clean air and water b. Fur c. Gold d. The great beaches e. Timber f. Gems g. Silver
not fur, gold, gems, and silver
The management of wildlife species at the federal level involve what type of species (choose all that apply) a. Game species that are found in multiple states b. Species on federal lands c. Game species that are on the endangered species list d. Game species that cross state and federal boundaries e. Species on the endangered species list f. Species that cross international boundaries
not species on federal lands, species that cross international boundaries and game species that cross state and federal boundaries 0/1 not game species that cross state and federal boundaries just game species that cross state and federal boundaries?
In 1887, the Boone and Crockett Club was founded to do what? a. To move forward with their primary 7 policies that would eventually become the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation b. To keep the records for big game hunters c. Take charge of all matters pertaining to the enactment and carrying out of game and fish laws d. To provide areas throughout the US for big game hunters to meet and enjoy each other's company - eventually became a series of exclusive cigar and bourbon bars for their elite members
not to move forward with... not to keep records
Which two aspects of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation was important in saving many species of game animals that were quickly going extinct in North America? (select two answers) a. Markets for game are eliminated b. Democracy of hunting is standard c. Wildlife resources are a public trust d. Allocation of wildlife is by law e. Wildlife can be killed only for a legitimate purpose f. Wildlife is an international resource g. Science is the proper tool to discharge wildlife policy
not wildlife resources are a public trust and wildlife is an international resource not science... and wildlife resources are a public trust not wildlife resources are a public trust and wildlife can be killed only for a legit purpose
Conservation, as coined by Gifford Pinchot, is defined as (Choose all that apply) a. Trick Question - the term conservation was actually coined by Theodore Roosevelt b. the wise use of natural resources. c. the intensive management of resources, such as land, various species of wildlife or plant, specific d. genotypes, and even entire landscapes or other feature. e. Trick Question - the term conservation was actually coined by Aldo Leopold f. the prudent use of natural resources with an eye to the maintenance of future availability and productivity. g. the protection of resources, such as land, various species of wildlife or plant, specific genotypes, and even entire landscapes or other feature. h. None of these answers are correct
the wise use of natural resources
As the human population in North America shifted to urban areas, market hunters responded by doing what? a. They began taking more game in close proximity to these urban centers b. They switch to farming to provide greater amount of food to these urban areas c. They shut down their businesses because they could no longer harvest enough game to make a viable business d. They provided game animals for sale in these growing markets
they provided game animals for sale in these growing markets
Unless the species are anadromous, individual states also have wide authority over harvest of fisheries. a. True b. False
true
