World History - Chapter 12 Review - People and Places

Giotto

14th century Florentine artist who tried to make the people and things in his biblical paintings look real

Boccaccio

14th century Italian author who wrote "The Decameron", a collection of 100 stories advocating a philosophy of "eat, drink and be merry"

Petrarch

14th century author called the "Father of Humanism"; wrote "Letters to Ancient Authors"

Geoffrey Chaucer

14th century author of "The Canterbury Tales; recognized as one of England's five greatest poets

Savonarola

A Roman Italian author whose "Divine Comedy" is one of the few ;pieces of medieval literature that is still widely read

Medici

A leading banking family who ruled Florence, Italy, and influenced European politics and economics from the 1300s until the 1700s

Leonardo da Vinci

A master Renaissance painter, sculptor, musician, inventor and engineer who is best remembered for his paintings "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"

Roger Bacon

An English Franciscan friar and forerunner of modern science who emphasized observation and experimentation as the source of true knowledge about nature

John Wycliffe

An Englishman who began the first translation of the Bible into English; known as the "Morning Star of the Reformation"

William of Ockham

An Englishman who used scriptural logic to argue that man is totally depraved and in absolute need of divine revelation and saving grace

Thomas Aquinas

An Italian whose philosophy, Thomism, denied the totality of man's sinful nature and his dependence upon God for everything

Saracens

Another name for the Muslims

Bohemia

Birthplace of John Huss

John Huss

Bohemian reformer burned at the stake because he stressed the Bible as the only true authority for Christians

Sistine Chapel

Chapel where Michelangelo spent four years painting scenes from the Old Testament on the chapel's ceiling and walls

Flanders

Early center for the manufacturing of woolen goods

Richard I

English king who joined the Third Crusade; given the title the Lion-Hearted because of his heroic exploits in Palestine

Philip Augustus

French king who led his men back to Europe after a minor victory during the Third Crusade

Frederick Barbarossa

German king who drowned in Asia Minor during the Third Crusade

Johann Gutenberg

Inventor of the movable-type printing press

Niccolo Machiavelli

Italian Renaissance author of "The Prince," a book on politics written in 1513

Paris

Location of the University of Paris

Prague

Location of the oldest university in Germany, the University of Prague, and the town where John Huss preached

Michelangelo

May have been the greatest artist of the Renaissance, perhaps of all time; remembered for his paintings on the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel and for his statutes "David" and "Moses

Louis VII, Conrad III

Monarchs of France and Germany who led the Second Crusade but accomplished nothing

Pope Urban II

Proclaimed the beginning of the crusades for the stated purpose of capturing the Holy Land from the Muslims and holding it for Christendom

Raphael

Renaissance artist who is known for his brilliant use of color and his pieces the "Sistine Madonna" and "The School of Athens"

Gerhard Groote

The Dutchman who founded and organized the Brethren of the Common Life

Bernard of Clairvaux

The energetic monk who preached the need for Europeans to embark on a Second Crusade

Saladin

The gifted leader of the Muslims and renowned sultan of Egypt