World History - Chapter 12 Review - People and Places
Giotto
14th century Florentine artist who tried to make the people and things in his biblical paintings look real
Boccaccio
14th century Italian author who wrote "The Decameron", a collection of 100 stories advocating a philosophy of "eat, drink and be merry"
Petrarch
14th century author called the "Father of Humanism"; wrote "Letters to Ancient Authors"
Geoffrey Chaucer
14th century author of "The Canterbury Tales; recognized as one of England's five greatest poets
Savonarola
A Roman Italian author whose "Divine Comedy" is one of the few ;pieces of medieval literature that is still widely read
Medici
A leading banking family who ruled Florence, Italy, and influenced European politics and economics from the 1300s until the 1700s
Leonardo da Vinci
A master Renaissance painter, sculptor, musician, inventor and engineer who is best remembered for his paintings "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper"
Roger Bacon
An English Franciscan friar and forerunner of modern science who emphasized observation and experimentation as the source of true knowledge about nature
John Wycliffe
An Englishman who began the first translation of the Bible into English; known as the "Morning Star of the Reformation"
William of Ockham
An Englishman who used scriptural logic to argue that man is totally depraved and in absolute need of divine revelation and saving grace
Thomas Aquinas
An Italian whose philosophy, Thomism, denied the totality of man's sinful nature and his dependence upon God for everything
Saracens
Another name for the Muslims
Bohemia
Birthplace of John Huss
John Huss
Bohemian reformer burned at the stake because he stressed the Bible as the only true authority for Christians
Sistine Chapel
Chapel where Michelangelo spent four years painting scenes from the Old Testament on the chapel's ceiling and walls
Flanders
Early center for the manufacturing of woolen goods
Richard I
English king who joined the Third Crusade; given the title the Lion-Hearted because of his heroic exploits in Palestine
Philip Augustus
French king who led his men back to Europe after a minor victory during the Third Crusade
Frederick Barbarossa
German king who drowned in Asia Minor during the Third Crusade
Johann Gutenberg
Inventor of the movable-type printing press
Niccolo Machiavelli
Italian Renaissance author of "The Prince," a book on politics written in 1513
Paris
Location of the University of Paris
Prague
Location of the oldest university in Germany, the University of Prague, and the town where John Huss preached
Michelangelo
May have been the greatest artist of the Renaissance, perhaps of all time; remembered for his paintings on the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel and for his statutes "David" and "Moses
Louis VII, Conrad III
Monarchs of France and Germany who led the Second Crusade but accomplished nothing
Pope Urban II
Proclaimed the beginning of the crusades for the stated purpose of capturing the Holy Land from the Muslims and holding it for Christendom
Raphael
Renaissance artist who is known for his brilliant use of color and his pieces the "Sistine Madonna" and "The School of Athens"
Gerhard Groote
The Dutchman who founded and organized the Brethren of the Common Life
Bernard of Clairvaux
The energetic monk who preached the need for Europeans to embark on a Second Crusade
Saladin
The gifted leader of the Muslims and renowned sultan of Egypt