World history unit 9

The belief that Europeans had to civilize races they considered inferior

According to Rudyard Kipling, what was the White Man's Burden?

Japan

After the United States forced _________ to open itself to trade in 1853, that country used Western methods to _________

Popular sovereignty

An activist is protesting against his government. He is angry that the government is controlled by a king who inherited his power from his father The activist demands that citizens be given the right to select their leaders. Which idea does the activist support?

Enlightenment thinkers

Both the abolition movement and the women's rights movement were positively influenced by ideals promoted by which of the following groups?

They wrote the U.S. Constitution to allow for a stronger central government

Characteristicss of the Articles of Confederation: Weak central government, Unable to collect taxes, Unable to raise an army How did early American leaders resolve problems created by the Articles of Confederation?

revolutions of 1848

Denmark ending its absolute monarchy adopting a liberal constitution was a direct result of the _________

It offered women the opportunity to work outside the home

Describe how the Industrial Revolution affected the roles available to women in the 19th century

raw materials

European countries and the United States needed ________ from Asia and Latin America, as well as markets to sell their manufactured goods

Asia, Africa, South America

Examine the map and answer the following question. Which were the areas controlled by imperial powers during the 19th century?

The British imposed taxes on the American colonies without allowing the colonists to have any voice in the government ruling their lives. When some colonists in New England expressed their unhappiness, British soldiers killed five people in Boston, imposed the Intolerable Acts, and passed other restrictive legislation. All these actions dnly united people in all the colonies that much more in their desire to be free of Great Britain

How did British actions push the American colonists toward rebellion?

Events such as the signing of the Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution, and the English Bill of Rights all either helped lead to the Enlightenment or helped spread Enlightenment ideals. Those same ideals inspired colonists in America to eventually rebel against British rule

How did English history between 1215 and 1750 help lead to the American Revolution?

They cut off trade with the newly independent country

How did European countries prevent Haitis success in the years after independence?

He made government more efficient and less wasteful.

How did Napoleon change governments in the territories he controlled as the emperor of France?

He led enslaved people to overthrow the French and establish an independent country.

How did Toussaint Louverture change his country's government?

They established the idea that leaders should have limits on their power.

How did both the signing of the Magna Carta and the Glorious Revolution influence the development of the American Revolution?

Formal imperialism was about establishing colonies for colonists

How did formal imperialism differ from informal imperialism?

Italian nationalists wanted to unite small kingdoms and the Papal States into a single nation-state, while Japanese nationalists hoped to instil pride in citizens who already lived in the same country

How did nationalism in Japan differ from nationalism in Italy?

It convinced them to fight for their political independence

How did nationalism influence colonists living in European-controlled territories during the 19th century?

It proved that colonists in the Americas could win their independence from European kingdoms

How did the American Revolution influence South Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries?

The Enlightenment rejected traditional social, religious, and political values.

How did the Enlightenment influence the development of the American Revolution?

It led people in other Western Hemisphere countries to rebel against their colonial rulers.

How did the Haitian Revolution affect other countries in the Americas?

Only the Mexican War of Independence eliminated Spanish colonial control over part of North America

How did the Mexican War of Independence differ from the American Revolution?

It became the seat of power for the Portuguese monarchy

How did the colony of Brazil change after Napoleon attacked Portugal?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract persuaded them to view practices like inherited privilege and absolute monarchy as Irational

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French people in the years leading up to the French Revolution?

Peninsulares believed themselves to be inherently superior to creoles because they were born in Europe, which caused friction between the two groups.

How did the peninsulares' view of themselves in relation to the creoles contribute to the independence movement?

It allowed them to move people and goods rapidly from place to place.

How did the railroad influence European colonial powers in the 19th century?

Many slaves were brought from Africa to Saint-Domingue to help grow sugarcane.

How did the slave trade affect Saint-Domingue?

Both were inspired by ideas popularized during the Enlightenment.

How is the Declaration of Independence similar to the U.S. Constitution?

The U.S Constitution creates executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government that can limit each other's power.

How is the Enlightenment idea of separation of powers reflected in a founding document of the United States?

Members of the third estate played a major role in both groups

How was the National Assembly similar to the Estates General?

Both countries were colonized by European imperial powers. India was colonized by Great Britain, and Haiti was colonized by France

How was the effect of imperialism on India similar to its effect on Haiti?

Both used threats of military force to open Asian markets for trade.

How were American and European forms of economic imperialism in 19th- century Asia similar?

Herbert Spencer stated that the strongest civilizations would conquer the weak

How were Herbert Spencer's theories used to justify imperialism?

Japan and China wanted to isolate themselves from the world in order to preserve their traditional cultures

How were Japan and China culturally similar in the beginning of the 19th century?

Both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were by John Locke's belief that citizens should act to change their government if they aren't happy with its actions, as well as by Baron de Montesquieu's concept of the separation of powers Other Enlightenment ideals about equality and justice appear in both documents shaped

How were the ideals of the Enlightenment applied in America's founding documents?

lost, large

Imperialist countries often _________ control of their empires because their empires grew too _________

Opium Wars, trade

In China, the _________ established foreign trade rights against the will of the Chinese. Spheres of influence gave European nations areas where they controlled all _________

informal

In economic imperialism, also called ___________ imperialism, powerful nations used economic and military resources to build empires they did not have to govern directly

Both men opposed the borders created by the Congress of Vienna.

In what way were Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi comparable?

informal imperialism, natural resources

One way that __________ differed from colonialism is that it focused more on exploiting __________ for economic gain than on taking new land for settlers.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Read the excerpt below. Which of the following documents does this passage most likely come from? Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.

government that does not prctect people s rights should be overthrown

Read the excerpt from the Declaration of Independence. Which of the following describes the main idea of this passage? That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

Education

Read this excerpt and then answer the question that follows. She may, she ought to demand that the barriers to every instrument and source of knowledge should be removed. She may demand this, because she has, in common with her brother, faculties that designate her for intelligence and responsibility, and because each faculty should have free scope for development; because knowledge promotes happiness, increases productive power, is a bond of union in the human family. -E. Robinson, 1851 In this excerpt, the author argues for which of the following rights for women?

That French aristocrats owned most of the land in the colony

Read this excerpt from Jean-Jacques Rousseau. What practice in Saint- Domingue could these words be used to criticize?

Scientific racism

Read this excerpt from Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" and then answer the question that follows: Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child Take up the White Man's burden In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride By open speech and simple An hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit And work another's gain The phrase "Your new-caught sullen peoples, / Half devil and half child" is an example of what belief that Europeans used to justify imperialism?

Damaging Austria too greatly would cause its leaders to join with Prussia s other enemies.

Read this quote from Otto von Bismarck and then answer the question. We had to avoid wounding Austria too severely; we had to avoid leaving behind in her any unnecessary bitterness of feeling or desire for revenge; we ought rather to reserve the possibility of becoming friends again with our adversary of the moment, and in any case to regard the Austrian state as a piece on the European chessboard. If Austria were severely injured, she would become the ally of France and of every other opponent of ours; she would even sacrifice her anti-Russian interests for the sake of revenge on Prussia... The acquisition of provinces like Austria Silesia and portions of Bohemia could not strengthen the Prussian state; it would not lead to an amalgamation of German Austria with Prussia, and Vienna could not be governed from Berlin as a mere dependency. .. Austria's conflict and rivalry with us was no more culpable than ours with her; our task was the establishment or foundation of German national unity under the leadership of the King of Prussia Why does Bismarck feel it was necessary to avoid doing great harm to Austria in its war against Prussia?

Each made it difficult for the Qing dynasty to resist European economic interference

The Taiping Rebellion and Boxer Rebellion had which of the following in common?

Japan

The United States and _________ were two countries that became imperialists after having been exploited by imperialist powers themselves.

Spain

The United States defeated _________ in Cuba, thus gaining control of Cuba and the Philippines

Industrial Revolution, economic

The __________ caused imperialist countries to focus on exploiting colonies more for ________ reasons.

Opening new markets by forcing weaker countries to buy their goods

What do states engaging in economic imperialism hope to accomplish?

It provided a convenient theory for supporting imperialism.

What role did racism play in furthering the interests of imperialists?

The French government had helped fund the American Revolution.

What was one reason that France's debt under Louis XVI was so large?

A revolt by Indian soldiers against the British

What was the Sepoy Rebellion?

loans to industrialize

When countries in Latin America needed __________ Great Britain and the United States provided them, thus giving these world powers influence over local economic and political decisions.

At the Berlin Conference of 1884

When were the rules for colonizing Africa established?

Europe established a balance of power following the Napoleonic Wars.

Which action resulted from the Congress of Vienna?

18th century political revolutions in Europe and the Americas

Which development was influenced by the Enlightenment?

Bill of Rights

Which document established freedom of speech, trial by jury, and the right to bear arms for American citizens?

Meiji Restoration

Which event launched a period of rapid industrialization and Westernization in Japan during the 19th century?

European imperial powers

Which group was responsible for determining the borders of African colonies and, later, countries?

Nationalism

Which idea led to political revolution and the promotion of liberal government in France?

William Blackstone

Which individual popularized the idea that people accused of crimes should be considered innocent until proven guilty?

Leaders do not have the right to oppress their people.

Which of the following Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the Latin American wars of independence?

A country forces its neighbor to provide it with iron ore at extremely low prices.

Which of the following actions could be taken as a part of economic imperialism?

China's territory was divided into zones that were economically dominated by specific European powers

Which of the following best explains how economic imperialism affected China during the mid-19th century?

African slavery in the United States

Which of the following best explains how the situation described in this excerpt from a 1920 newspaper article came to be? The Jim Crow law of Kentucky, requiring different coaches for whites and colored, was upheld today by the supreme court. The South Covington and Cincinnati Street Railway Co.brought a test of the law before the supreme court in an appeal to set aside fines for its violations which has been sustained in the lower courts. -Ohio State Monitor, 19206

Creole

Which of the following colonial society? was one of the four main categories of race in Spanish

Just after the Revolution, France had a representative form of government. After Napoleon rose to power, he became emperor

Which of the following describes a difference between France just after the French Revolution and after Napoleon's rise to power?

Only the Haitian Revolution was motivated by a desire to end slavery.

Which of the following describes a difference between the Haitian Revolution and the American Revolution?

Both groups were able to own land and African slaves.

Which of the following describes a similarity between affranchis and French aristocrats in Saint-Domingue?

Older forms of imperialism were more concerned with establishing colonies in foreign territories

Which of the following describes how 19th-century imperialism was different from older forms of imperialism?

Stopping the sale of opium in Latin American markets

Which of the following did NOT motivate U.S. foreign policy in Latin America during the 19th century?

A group of people overthrow the monarch of their country and set up a democratic government.

Which of the following events is an example of a revolution?

It wanted to prevent slave revolts from spreading to its Caribbean colonies.

Which of the following explains one of the motivations behind Great Britain becoming involved in the Haitian Revolution?

French aristocrats

Which of the following groups controlled Saint-Domingue's government before the Haitian Revolution?

African slaves in French territory

Which of the following groups launched a rebellion that would eventually become the Haitian Revolution?

Emancipation Proclamation

Which of the following human rights documents completes the excerpt below? During the war we sent the slaves to the south, and then She back. But they gave them their freedom and they all came were not much account to work anymore. Just after the Civil War flour was $5 for 25 pounds and we ate cornbread mostly. We bought a cook stove of the first in the community. -Grandma Handy, 19385 ca.

He oversaw the end of slavery in Brazil.

Which of the following is an accomplishment of Pedro II in Brazil?

José de San Martin

Which of the following leaders launched successful revolutions against Spanish rule in the southern regions of iSouth America?

British merchants selling illegal opium in China

Which of the following led to conflict between Great Britain and China in the mid-19th century?

A Catholic priest

Which of the following people would have been a member of the first estate?

A military leader takes control over a country's government and launches a series of wars.

Which of the following situations is most similar to Napoleon's reign as emperor of France?

The United States only supported rebel groups to secure control of the Panama Canal.

Which of the following statements illustrates a key difference between how the United States gained control of the Panama Canal and how it gained control of trade rights in Japan?

The British protect their citizens from opium by making it illegal, but they willingly harm Chinese citizens by selling opium in China in order to make a large profit

Which of the following statements summarizes one of Lin Zexu's main points in his letter to Queen Victoria?

Zionism

Which of the following terms describes the nationalist movement that sought to create a nation-state for the Jewish people?

The Industrial Revolution

Which of these events led European countries to seek natural resources in colonies around the world during the 19th century?

Merchants in France

Which of these groups benefited most from 19th-century imperialism?

Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen.

Which of these milestones for women's rights occurred last?

William Wilberforce

Which of these people was actively involved with the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade?

Neither women nor slaves were encouraged to pursue an education.

Which of these restrictions contributed to excluding both women and slaves from civic participation in the 18th and 19th centuries?

A constitutional monarchy with elected officials holding most political power

Which phrase best describes the British government during the 19th century?

San Martín began the liberation of Peru, while Bolivar completed the liberation of the country

Which statement accurately describes a key difference between Simón Bolívar and José de San Martin?

Great Britain taxed the colonies, but did not allow them to participate in politics.

Which statement describes a factor that motivated American colonists to declare their independence from the British Empire?

Ideas of nationalism and popular sovereignty became more widespread throughout Europe

Which statement describes an important outcome of the revolutions of 1848?

To make sure no European country ever became much stronger than the others

Why did European leaders meet at the Congress of Vienna following Napoléon's defeat?

The Jacobin Club believed the Constituent Assembly would give too much power to the wealthy

Why did the Jacobin Club advocate revolt against the National Constituent Assembly?

Because the French were too busy with their own revolution to fight for their colony

Why did the Spanish and the British try to seize Saint-Domingue during the French Revolution?

They wanted equal status with the French aristocrats.

Why did the affranchis decide to rebel against the French government in Saint-Domingue?

Nationalism.

__________ helped drive imperialism by making citizens of imperialist countries proud of their countrys empire