XML

Element Attribute Rule 2

An attribute must be declared in the Document Type Definition (DTD) using an Attribute-List Declaration.

Element Attribute Rule 1

An attribute name must not appear more than once in the same start-tag or empty-element tag.

Entity Reference

An entity reference contains a name between the start and the end delimiters.

Element Attribute Rule 3

Attribute values must not contain direct or indirect entity references to external entities.

XML Comments Rule 1

Comments cannot appear before XML declaration.

XML Comments Rule 4

Comments cannot be nested inside the other comments.

XML Comments Rule 2

Comments may appear anywhere in a document.

XML Comments Rule 3

Comments must not appear within attribute values.

Name the 2 parts of an XML document:___ and ____.

Document Prolog , Document Elements

XML has two types of references : ___________ .

Entity References and Character References

end-tag

Every element that has a start tag should end with an ____. Following is an example of _____

XML (What does the acronym stand for?)

Extensible Markup Language

The XML declaration is not case sensitive. True or False?

False

XML is a Programming Language. True or False

False. ( XML does not qualify to be a programming language as it does not perform any computation or algorithms. It is usually stored in a simple text file and is processed by special software that is capable of interpreting XML.)

SGML is a markup language. True or False

False. It is a language to create markup languages

An ________________ can override the value of encoding that you put in the XML declaration.

HTTP protocol

XML DECLARATION-Parameter:Encoding Parameter_value:UTF-8, UTF-16, ISO-10646-UCS-2, ISO-10646-UCS-4, ISO-8859-1 to ISO-8859-9, ISO-2022-JP, Shift_JIS, EUC-JP Parameter_description:___________________

It defines the character encoding used in the document. UTF-8 is the default encoding used.

XML Atribute type 1: StringType

It takes any literal string as a value. CDATA is a StringType. CDATA is character data. This means, any string of non-markup characters is a legal part of the attribute.

define the scope of an element insert comments declare settings required for parsing the environment insert special instructions

Name 4 things xml tags do

There are three types of character entities :

Predefined Character Entities Numbered Character Entities Named Character Entities

XML DECLARATION-Parameter: Version Parameter_value: 1.0 Parameter_description: __________________________________

Specifies the version of the XML standard used.

SGML (What does the acronym stand for?)

Standard Generalized Markup Language

List the 3 types of XML attributes:

StringType TokenizedType EnumeratedType

start-tag

The beginning of every non-empty XML element is marked by a_____ . Following is an example of _____.

Unicode code

The number in a character reference always refers to the _____ of a character. In this case, 65 refers to alphabet "A".

Character Reference

These contain references, such as A, contains a hash mark ("#") followed by a number.

Predefined Character Entities

They are introduced to avoid the ambiguity while using some symbols. For example, an ambiguity is observed when less than ( < ) or greater than ( > ) symbol is used with the angle tag (<>). Character entities are basically used to delimit tags in XML.

EnumeratedType

This has a list of predefined values in its declaration. out of which, it must assign one value. There are two types of enumerated attribute − NotationType − It declares that an element will be referenced to a NOTATION declared somewhere else in the XML document. Enumeration − Enumeration allows you to define a specific list of values that the attribute value must match.

An XML file is structured by several XML-elements, also called ________________.The names of XML-elements are enclosed in triangular brackets < > as shown below −

XML-nodes or XML-tags

Attributes

______________ are designed to contain data related to a specific element.

Empty-element tag

___________________ tags may be used for any element which has no content.

attribute1, attribute2

_______________are attributes of the element separated by white spaces. An attribute defines a property of the element. It associates a name with a value, which is a string of characters. An attribute is written as name = "value"

XML elements

____________can be defined as building blocks of an XML. Elements can behave as containers to hold text, elements, attributes, media objects or all of these.

element-name

_________is the name of the element. The name its case in the start and end tags must match.

XML Elements Rule 4-An element, which is ____________ , can contain text or elements as seen in the above example.

a container

What is SGML?

a language for defining markup languages such as HTML and for specifying the rules for tagging elements in a document. SGML itself is not a markup language; rather, it is a language to create markup languages

XML (what is it?)

a text-based markup language derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

XML Elements Rule 1-An element name can contain any __________________ characters. The only punctuation mark allowed in names are the hyphen (-), under-score (_) and period (.).

alphanumeric

Virtually, __________________ can be expressed as an XML document.

any type of data

XML comments

are similar to HTML comments. The comments are added as notes or lines for understanding the purpose of an XML code.

Document Elements

are the building blocks of XML. These divide the document into a hierarchy of sections, each serving a specific purpose.

Character entities

are used to display reserved characters in HTML.

An ___________ specifies a single property for the element, using a name/value pair. An XML-element can have one or more _________s. For example − <a href = "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/">Tutorialspoint!</a> Here href is the attribute name and http://www.tutorialspoint.com/ is the ________________ value.

attribute

References usually allow you to add or include additional text or markup in an XML document. References always _________________________.

begin with the symbol "&" and end with the symbol ";"

Whitespace characters like __________________________ between XML-elements and between the XML-attributes will be ignored.

blanks, tabs and line-breaks

Attribute names in XML (unlike HTML) are _______________. That is, HREF and href are considered two different XML attributes.

case sensitive

XML Elements Rule 2-names are _______. For example, Address, address, and ADDRESS are different names.

case sensitive

The Parameter names and values in an XML declaration are ____________.

case-sensitive

Document Prolog

comes at the top of the document, before the root element. This section contains : XML declaration Document type declaration

XML declaration

contains details that prepare an XML processor to parse the XML document. It is optional, but when used, it must appear in the first line of the XML document.

XML can be used to _______________the information between organizations and systems.

exchange

If the XML declaration is present in the XML, it must be placed as the ________________in the XML document.

first line

The XML declaration strictly needs be the ________________ in the XML document.

first statement

XML tags

form the foundation of XML.

XML Elements Rule 3 -Start and end tags of an element must be ______.

identical.

XML tags (what do they do?)

identify the data and are used to store and organize the data, rather than specifying how to display it like HTML tags, which are used to display the data.

Markup is___________________, in that it identifies the parts and how they relate to each other.

information added to a document that enhances its meaning in certain ways

XML document

is a basic unit of XML information composed of elements and other markup in an orderly package.

The names in an XML declaration are always in _______.

lower case.

The ______________s of XML-elements are case-sensitive. That means the ________of the start and the end elements need to be exactly in the same case. For example, <contact-info> is different from <Contact-Info>

name

XML can be used for _______ and ______________ of databases.

offloading reloading

Attribute names are defined without _______________, whereas attribute values must always appear in ________________. Following example demonstrates incorrect xml syntax − <a b = x>....</a>

quotation marks

Some characters are reserved by the XML syntax itself. Hence, they cannot be used directly. To use them, some _________________ are used

replacement-entities

An XML document can have only one _______________ .

root element

More specifically, a markup language is a ________________that can be placed in the text of a document to demarcate and label the parts of that document.

set of symbols

XML can work behind the scene to ________________the creation of HTML documents for large web sites.

simplify

Either _________ may be used in an XML declaration.

single or double quotes

Each XML document contains one or more elements, the scope of which are either delimited by__________ , or for empty elements, by an empty-element tag.

start and end tags

Element Syntax − Each XML-element needs to be closed either with _________________elements as shown below − <element>....</element>

start or with end

XML can be used to ________________ the data, which can customize your data handling needs.

store and arrange

XML can easily be merged with __________ to create almost any desired output.

style sheets

The names of XML-elements and XML-attributes are case-sensitive, which means _______________ need to be written in the same case.

the name of start and end elements

Element Attribute Rule 4

the replacement text of any entity referred to directly or indirectly in an attribute value must not contain a less than sign (<)

Same attribute cannot have __________ in a syntax. The following example shows incorrect syntax because the attribute b is specified twice − <a b = "x" c = "y" b = "z">....</a>

two values

The XML document can optionally have an XML declaration. It is written as follows −<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>Where______ is the XML ______ and encoding specifies the character encoding used in the document.

version

If the XML declaration is included, it must contain the __________________.

version number attribute

The order of placing the parameters in an XML declaration is important. The correct order is: ______,______ and ________.

version, encoding and standalone

The XML declaration must begin with "<?___>" where "____" is written in lower-case.

xml

XML DECLARATION-Parameter:Standalone Parameter_value:___________ Parameter_description:It informs the parser whether the document relies on the information from an external source, such as external document type definition (DTD), for its content. The default value is set to no. Setting it to yes tells the processor there are no external declarations required for parsing the document.

yes or no

Not Allowed Character: > Replacement Entity:____ Character Description: greater than

&gt;

Less than

&lt;

Not Allowed Character: < Replacement Entity:____ Character Description: less than

&lt;

Not Allowed Character:" Replacement Entity:____ Character Description:quotation mark

&quot;

XML Tags Rule1

XML tags are case-sensitive.

XML Tags Rule2

XML tags must be closed in an appropriate order

What is meant by "XML is a public standard"?

XML was developed by an organization called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is available as an open standard.

Nesting of Elements − An XML-element can contain multiple ____________________as its children, but the children elements must not overlap. i.e., an end tag of an element must have the same name as that of the most recent unmatched start tag.

XML-elements

Ampersand

&amp;

Not Allowed Character:& Replacement Entity:____ Character Description: ampersand

&amp;

Not Allowed Character:' Replacement Entity:____ Character Description: apostrophe

&apos;

Single quote

&apos;

Greater than

&gt;

An XML comment ends with ______.

-->

An XML comment starts with ______.

<!--

XML Atribute type 2:TokenizedType

This is a more constrained type. The validity constraints noted in the grammar are applied after the attribute value is normalized. The TokenizedType attributes are given as − ID − It is used to specify the element as unique. IDREF − It is used to reference an ID that has been named for another element. IDREFS − It is used to reference all IDs of an element. ENTITY − It indicates that the attribute will represent an external entity in the document. ENTITIES − It indicates that the attribute will represent external entities in the document. NMTOKEN − It is similar to CDATA with restrictions on what data can be part of the attribute. NMTOKENS − It is similar to CDATA with restrictions on what data can be part of the attribute.

To avoid character encoding problems, all XML files should be saved as ____________________ files.

Unicode UTF-8 or UTF-16

What is meant by "XML is extensible"?

XML allows you to create your own self-descriptive tags, or language, that suits your application.

What is meant by "XML carries the data, does not present it?"

XML allows you to store the data irrespective of how it will be presented.

What are the 3 important characteristics of XML that make it useful in a variety of systems and solutions ?

XML is extensible − XML carries the data, does not present it − XML is a public standard −

Let us learn about one of the most important part of XML, the ____.

XML tags