10th- Chemistry Chemical Bonding

What are Metallic bonds made of

M-M

What are Ionic bonds made of

M-NM

What number range decides that a bond is Non-Polar Covalent

0- 0.3

What number range decides that a bond is Polar Covalent

0.31- 1.7

What number range decides that a bond is Ionic

1.71- 3.3

Are Metallic substances hard, brittle, or soft

Bendable; malleable

Base characteristics of Ionic substances

Dissolve in water, conduct electricity when dissolved, they're brittle solids, made of metal and nonmetal atoms combined. Metal atoms "give up" their valence electrons to nonmetal atoms

Base characteristics of Metallic substances

Do not dissolve in water, conduct electricity, bendable and hard solids, made entirely of metal atoms. Valence electrons are free to move about the substance.

Base characteristics of Network Covalent substances

Do not dissolve in water, do not conduct electricity, extremely hard solids, made entirely of nonmetal and metalloid atoms. Valence electrons connect atoms with each other in all directions, like a grid or network.

Are Network Covalent substances hard, brittle, or soft

Durable, rigid; difficult to break

Are Ionic substances hard, brittle, or soft

Hard, but brittle, tend to fracture along planes of atoms

What are semimetals and metalloids

Have metallic bonds where the electrons are more tightly held. These substances have fewer metallic properties and more covalent properties

How do you make polar covalent bonds

In covalent bonding, sometimes electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than another. This results in a bond where electrons are not equally shared (polar covalent bonds)

Define: Chemical Bond

Mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that bond the atoms together

What are Molecular Covalent bonds made of

NM-NM

Are substances that are conductive while dry also conductive while wet

No

Are substances that are conductive while wet also conductive while dry

No

Define: Ionic Bond

Chemical Bond that forms between cations and anion. In purely ionic bonds, atoms completely give up electrons to other atoms

Define: Covalent Bond

Chemical bond that forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

How is an Ionic Compound formed

Composed of positive and negative ions combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

Define: Nonpolar-Covalent Bond

Covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally and therefore there is a balanced electrical charge [occurs when two atoms of the same element bond]

Define: Polar-Covalent Bond

Covalent bond in which the atoms have unequal attraction for the shared electrons

Are Molecular Covalent substances hard, brittle, or soft

Often gases or liquids, or soft solids

Base characteristics of Molecular Covalent substances

Some dissolve in water but some don't, do not conduct electricity, some are liquids or gases, and are made entirely of nonmetal atoms. Valence electrons are shared between some atoms. This creates small stable units within the substance.

How does atom electronegativity affect bond character

This can make a bond weaker or stronger