10th- Chemistry Chemical Bonding
What are Metallic bonds made of
M-M
What are Ionic bonds made of
M-NM
What number range decides that a bond is Non-Polar Covalent
0- 0.3
What number range decides that a bond is Polar Covalent
0.31- 1.7
What number range decides that a bond is Ionic
1.71- 3.3
Are Metallic substances hard, brittle, or soft
Bendable; malleable
Base characteristics of Ionic substances
Dissolve in water, conduct electricity when dissolved, they're brittle solids, made of metal and nonmetal atoms combined. Metal atoms "give up" their valence electrons to nonmetal atoms
Base characteristics of Metallic substances
Do not dissolve in water, conduct electricity, bendable and hard solids, made entirely of metal atoms. Valence electrons are free to move about the substance.
Base characteristics of Network Covalent substances
Do not dissolve in water, do not conduct electricity, extremely hard solids, made entirely of nonmetal and metalloid atoms. Valence electrons connect atoms with each other in all directions, like a grid or network.
Are Network Covalent substances hard, brittle, or soft
Durable, rigid; difficult to break
Are Ionic substances hard, brittle, or soft
Hard, but brittle, tend to fracture along planes of atoms
What are semimetals and metalloids
Have metallic bonds where the electrons are more tightly held. These substances have fewer metallic properties and more covalent properties
How do you make polar covalent bonds
In covalent bonding, sometimes electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than another. This results in a bond where electrons are not equally shared (polar covalent bonds)
Define: Chemical Bond
Mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that bond the atoms together
What are Molecular Covalent bonds made of
NM-NM
Are substances that are conductive while dry also conductive while wet
No
Are substances that are conductive while wet also conductive while dry
No
Define: Ionic Bond
Chemical Bond that forms between cations and anion. In purely ionic bonds, atoms completely give up electrons to other atoms
Define: Covalent Bond
Chemical bond that forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
How is an Ionic Compound formed
Composed of positive and negative ions combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal
Define: Nonpolar-Covalent Bond
Covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally and therefore there is a balanced electrical charge [occurs when two atoms of the same element bond]
Define: Polar-Covalent Bond
Covalent bond in which the atoms have unequal attraction for the shared electrons
Are Molecular Covalent substances hard, brittle, or soft
Often gases or liquids, or soft solids
Base characteristics of Molecular Covalent substances
Some dissolve in water but some don't, do not conduct electricity, some are liquids or gases, and are made entirely of nonmetal atoms. Valence electrons are shared between some atoms. This creates small stable units within the substance.
How does atom electronegativity affect bond character
This can make a bond weaker or stronger