13 Colonies (Just the Facts) Review (8.2B, 8.3B)
Navigation Laws
1. Required the colonies to trade mainly with England. 2. Required the use of ships made in England or the colonies. 3. Forbade colonial manufacturers that competed with England's. 4.Required tax stops in England when trading with other nations.
Tobacco
Cash crop that saved the settlement of Jamestown
Mercantilism
Economic relationship between a country and its colonies. The 13 colonies provided England with raw materials and England provided manufactured goods.
John Winthrop
Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony to serve as a "city upon a hill."
Virginia House of Burgesses
First representative legislature or assembly in North America
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First written constitution in America which provided a written plan for government.
James Oglethorpe
Founded the colony of Georgia to serve as a safe place for debtors.
Cecil Calvert
Founded the colony of Maryland to serve as a safe place for Catholics
Thomas Hooker
Founder of Connecticut and author of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
John Smith
Founder of Jamestown, Virginia the first permanent English settlement in North America.
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania and leader of the Quakers
Roger Williams
Founder of Rhode Island who believed in the separation of church and state.
Separatists
Group of people who wanted to leave the Church of England and practice their own religion.
Triangular Trade
Illegal trade involving the colonies, Africa and the West Indies. Colonies would send rum and guns to Africa and traded it for slaves.
John Peter Zenger
Journalist accused of libel for criticizing the governor of New York. He was found innocent and the case established the idea of freedom of the press.
Plantations
Large farms that required slave labor
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
France
Nation that established a profitable fur trade in the Ohio River Valley
Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey
Colonies established for religious freedom
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island
Indentured Servants
People who worked for 5 to 7 years to pay off their trip to North America.
1620
Pilgrims arrive in America and write the Mayflower Compact
Quakers
Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania who were against war and slavery and believed in equality.
Puritans
Religious group that wanted to "purify" the Church of England.
Middle Passage
Route from Africa to the West Indies in which many slaves died.
Mayflower Compact
Social contract written by the Pilgrims in which they agreed to govern themselves (1st example of self-government)
1607
The first permanent English settlement at Jamestown was established
Cash crops
Tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo
Southern Colonies
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Maryland
Breadbasket
nickname of the Middle Colonies