13 Colonies (Just the Facts) Review (8.2B, 8.3B)

Navigation Laws

1. Required the colonies to trade mainly with England. 2. Required the use of ships made in England or the colonies. 3. Forbade colonial manufacturers that competed with England's. 4.Required tax stops in England when trading with other nations.

Tobacco

Cash crop that saved the settlement of Jamestown

Mercantilism

Economic relationship between a country and its colonies. The 13 colonies provided England with raw materials and England provided manufactured goods.

John Winthrop

Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony to serve as a "city upon a hill."

Virginia House of Burgesses

First representative legislature or assembly in North America

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in America which provided a written plan for government.

James Oglethorpe

Founded the colony of Georgia to serve as a safe place for debtors.

Cecil Calvert

Founded the colony of Maryland to serve as a safe place for Catholics

Thomas Hooker

Founder of Connecticut and author of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

John Smith

Founder of Jamestown, Virginia the first permanent English settlement in North America.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania and leader of the Quakers

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island who believed in the separation of church and state.

Separatists

Group of people who wanted to leave the Church of England and practice their own religion.

Triangular Trade

Illegal trade involving the colonies, Africa and the West Indies. Colonies would send rum and guns to Africa and traded it for slaves.

John Peter Zenger

Journalist accused of libel for criticizing the governor of New York. He was found innocent and the case established the idea of freedom of the press.

Plantations

Large farms that required slave labor

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

France

Nation that established a profitable fur trade in the Ohio River Valley

Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey

Colonies established for religious freedom

Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island

Indentured Servants

People who worked for 5 to 7 years to pay off their trip to North America.

1620

Pilgrims arrive in America and write the Mayflower Compact

Quakers

Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania who were against war and slavery and believed in equality.

Puritans

Religious group that wanted to "purify" the Church of England.

Middle Passage

Route from Africa to the West Indies in which many slaves died.

Mayflower Compact

Social contract written by the Pilgrims in which they agreed to govern themselves (1st example of self-government)

1607

The first permanent English settlement at Jamestown was established

Cash crops

Tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo

Southern Colonies

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Maryland

Breadbasket

nickname of the Middle Colonies