Autism Spectrum Disorder

Boys or girls are 4 to 5 times more likely to have ASD.

Boys

What is the deal with fun versus winning?

If the child can't stand to lose, steer him to non-competitive, individual sports like fishing, hiking, rock climbing; to many, the concept of competition is not readily present and must be taught

How to those with ASD think?

In a literal, concrete way They tend to think specific to general, rather than general to specific

T/F A low energy child might find frisbee or yoga perfect, but basketball or tennis too upsetting for her system.

True

How many of those with ASD have fragile X syndrome?

2.1%

What is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability?

Fragile X syndrome

With ASD, when must symptoms be present?

In the early developmental period (2 years)

How should you speak to those with ASD?

Plainly, in concrete terms, complete thoughts, and positively

Are problems with movement common in ASD?

Yes

___ of those with tuberous sclerosis have ASD.

1/3 PP also says 1-4% of those with ASD have tuberous sclerosis

Babies born before __ weeks preterm are more likely to have ASD, as well as children born of older mothers and fathers.

26

**Children with chromosomal or other birth defects, regardless of the type, are ___ times more likely to have intellectual disabilities than children without birth defects.

27

___% of children with ASD have ADHD (difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity)

28%

__% of children with ASD also have anxiety disorder.

29%

____ of every 4 million born each year in the US will have autism.

36,500

Up to ___% of people with ASD have epilepsy by adulthood.

39%

1 out of __ children in the US currently has autism.

68 *Stat out of 8 year olds

___% of people with ASD have intellectual disabilities.

70%

What is ASD?

A complex neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in life and affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns

Physical therapy for ASD should involve what?

Activities and exercises that build motor skills and improve strength, posture, and balance Should aim to help a child build muscle control and strength so that he can play more easily with children

What is ASD called a developmental disorder?

Because it affects development LMAO

What are the types of therapists for ASD?

Behavioral management therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy Early intervention Educational and school-based therapies Joint attention therapy Medication treatment Nutritional therapy Occupational therapy Parent-mediated therapy PT Social skills training Speech-language therapy

What are the different categories of The Brain Library?

Capabilities category: academics and socializations (social/cognitive intelligence) Integrated section: behavior, communication, daily living skills, praxis (the ability to plan movement) Foundation section: gustatory, auditory, visual, olfactory, proprioception, vestibular, touch (body position, balance and motion)

Other PT considerations

Child may have difficulty with imitation Individualize interventions to meet goals Integrate interventions within daily routines of natural environments if possible Focus on activities that are meaningful to the child Short duration interventions with frequent documentation of progress Measure outcomes in: sensory and motor function, specific activities, participation Modify interventions if not making progress Assess and structure the environment to accommodate child's sensory and motor function

What are other names used for ASD prior to May 2013?

Childhood degenerative disorder Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

Children with autism have trouble with what?

Communication and interaction with others Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors

What are the four basic right and responsibilities regarding self-determination?

Freedom Authority or control of own life Support Responsibility (see box 17-5 in Campbell)

*After ASD diagnosis, specify if the child has:

Intellectual problem, including problems with reasoning or memory Language problems, such as problems learning to speak Other medical or general conditions (i.e., seizures, fragile X syndrome)

What are some tangible reinforcers you can use when working with ASD children?

Internal motivation (naturally reinforced) External motivation (require motivation to get child to attempt to engage in the activity) Reinforcer can be a food item or sensory toy, or may be in the activity (getting to crash the scooter board into a large pillow) Social reinforcer: big bear hug, clapping, wink, smile, cheer

What is ASD characterized by?

Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

What is tuberous sclerosis?

Rare, multi-system GENETIC disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin

What does spectrum mean?

Refers to the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have

What all does tuberous sclerosis cause?

Seizures, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, kidney disease, mental retardation

How should you proceed with muscle tone and coordination activities?

Start out at an easy pace and build from there; take a walk around the park a few times before venturing off on a four-mile hike

Regarding activity level, what should you begin with?

Start with high interest areas that will be naturally motivating and rewarding

*What is the basis for learning?

The process of gathering, categorizing, and storing new information in the brain library for later referencing

Give examples of effective communication.

This is a picture of a dog (vs. this is a dog) Put the flowers in the vase (vs. put these in there) It's a red sweater (vs. it's red) After you finish your math, you can go to recess (vs. if you don't finish your math, you can't go to recess) Please walk to the classroom (vs. no running in the halls) We are going home now (vs. let's get going)

What are the three goals of activities for ASD?

To develop reference and develop sensory systems To introduce learning concepts To infuse language into all aspects of child's life

Delany developed The Brain Library model. What is it for?

To explain how early experiences in lift introduce, develop, and refine skills that the brain uses throughout the lifespan

*T/F Do not allow yourself to give less, as these children need more, not less, input.

True

*T/F We have to assume the child is connecting with us and that they are getting something from the interaction EVEN IF IT DOESN'T SEEM AS IF THEY ARE.

True

T/F ASD affects the structure and function of the brain and nervous system.

True

T/F ASD symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.

True

T/F Do not judge their level of interest by their feedback.

True

T/F Many children with ASD are not motivated by social reinforcers. Using tangible reinforcers along with the normal social reinforcement may be required. This helps the child understand that the social component is positive, and the child will start to seek the social reinforcer because he will understand it as an award.

True

T/F Siblings of those with ASD have a 2-8% chance of another sibling will have ASD. ASD occurs with Fragile X and tuberous scoliosis.

True

T/F Use technology to create a bridge from home to outdoor or group. Use DVDs to test out activities like martial arts, exercise, and dance

True

Should you use individual, two-person, or team activities?

Well idk - but the primary goal is regular movement and fun exercise

Is Asperger's syndrome now included in ASD?

Yes