17-Enlightenment Absolutism- What impact did new ways of thinking have on political developments and monarchical absolutism?

Cameralism

Cameralism Veiw that the MOnarchy was the best form of government, that all elements of society should serve the monarch, and that, in turn, the state should use its resources and authority to increase the puiblic good

Jewish Life and limits of Enlightened Absolutism Jewish populations lived under

Jewish Life and limits of Enlightened Absolutism Jewish populations lived under highly discriminatory laws -JEws confined to ghettos, -LAw says cannot due business or professional activities -CAn be ordered out of Kingdoms

First Country to allow Jews their freedom

First to allow Jews their freedom France after French Revolution

Jew characteristics and jobs

Jew characteristics and jobs Few owned land Bankers who help raise money for armies Merchants and traders in international trade

Joseph Habsburg II

Joseph Habsburg II Abolished serfdom Peasants could pay landlords in cash rather than work Violently rejected by all Peasants had no money Nobles needed their work

Joseph II

Joseph II Intended to integrate Jew more fully into society -Eligable for military -Admission to high education -No required clothing or emblems People did no want these people assimilating into their society

Pugachev Rebellion

Pugachev Rebellion Emelian Pugachev Uprising of surfs He cliamed to the the true tsar Orders issued to -Abolish serfdom -Taxes -And army service Catherines well trained army crushed them and Pugachev was executed

When Joe died

When Joe died Empire in turmoil Leopold II Canceled Joseph's radical edicts to reestablish order What did many eastern absolutist do involving the

Which monarchs refused the idea of the emancipation of jews

Which monarchs refused the idea od emancipation of jews Frederick the Great (Only free people were Chirstians) Catherine the Great

1742 European War of the Austrian Succession

1742 European War of the Austrian Succession Other powers wanted her land Teresa was forced to cede most of Selesia to PRussia Prussia got lots of people and power

3 main goals of Catherine the Great

3 main goals of Catherine the Great COntinue PEter the Great's effort to bring western culture to Russia Domestic reform Territorial expansion

7 years war

7 years war COnquer Prussia and divide up its territory Frederick fought and was saved PEter III came to the Russian throne and called off an attack against Frederick, who he admired

After loss of selesia, what did she do

After loss of selesia, what did she do INtroduce reforms to make the state stronger and more efficient 1. Limit papacy's political influence 2. Administrative reforms Strengthen central Bureaucracy Ramped tax system Smooth difference between provinces Taxes even the land of noble, previously free of tax 3. Improve agricultural population Reduce power of lords over serfs

Governemnt officials were

Governemnt officials were INterested in philosophical ideas Well educated Attracted to ideas about improving society Rulers instructed or encouraged by these officials tried to reform in accordance to enlightenment ideals

HOw did the war affect Frederick II

HOw did the war affect Frederick II LEss interest in territorial expansion Considering more humane policies

LEgal system

LEgal system Law simplified Torture abolished

Territorial expansion

Territorial expansion Successful Got rid of Mongols Crimsan tartars Conquest of Caucacus Coup of poland

The Austrian Habsburgs Maria Teresa's goal

The Austrian Habsburgs Maria Teresa's goal Reform her nation with more motivation coming from traditional power politics than Enlightenment teachings

Frederick the Great of PRussia

USed the army his father gave him

Western Culture

Western Culture IMporting western architects, sculptures, musicians, and intellectuals Patronizeing PHilosophes Loved Voltiare Patronized Diderot to publish the ENcyclopedia in St. PEtersburg Westernized the imaginenations of teh Russian nobility

What did Frederick II change

What did Frederick II change All subjects could believe as the wished in term of religion and philosophy Improved Schools Permitted scholars to publish their findings Freinds with Voltaire Legal system Reconstruction of agriculture and industry

What did these eastern absolutists often fail to do

What did these eastern absolutists often fail to do Establish policies regarded as humane and enlightened, like abolishing serfdom Reveals the limits of te ENlightenment Philosphoses supported Eastern absolutists showing how they were somewhat blinded

What is this deal?

What is this deal? Turkey let off easily Divded poland between PRussia, Austria, and Russia Catherine eventually aquired the rest of polish territory

British Parliament

British Parliament Passed law allowing the naturalization of JEws, Repealed due to public outrage

What did many eastern absolutist do involving the Enlightenment

COmbining State building with culture and critical thinking of teh ENlightenment

Catherine the Great of Russia

Catherine the Great of Russia Her mother was a blood romonov, leading to Catherine getting power Ruled with husband PEter III HE withdrew troops from the Coalition against peter against Prussia Alienated the army

Conspiracy

Conspiracy Catherine wanted to dispose of her husband She, Gregory Orlov (her lover) and 3 brothers murdered peter and she became the Empress

Difference from Enlightenment

Difference from Enlightenment Public good was inpisred by the needs of war Influnce in German lands

Domestic reform

Domestic reform Appointed special legislative commission to preparte new law code Restrict the practice of Torture Limited religious toleration Improve education and strengthen local government

Effect of the Pugachev Rebellion

Effect of the Pugachev Rebellion End of Catherine's intentions of reforming the system -Peasants were dangerous -Empire rested on support of the nobility Gave noble absolute control of their serfs Freed nobles from taxes and state service Serfdom at its worst happened

Enlightened absolutism

Enlightened absolutism Term coined by historians to describe the rule of 18th century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, adopted Enlightenment ideals of rationalism, progress, and tolerance Happened most influentially in Prussia, Russia, and Austria

Catherine the Great Established

Established the pale of Settlement Pale of Settlement Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belorussia Jews had to live there Restricted till russian revolution

Frederick II further obstacles

Frederick II further obstacles Fought to prevent destruction Competition between france and BRitian for colonial empire brought great conflict Maria formed an alliance with France and Russia that resulted int he 7 years war

Haskalah

Haskalah The Jewish Enlightenment of teh Second half of the eighteenth century, led by philosopher Moses Mendelssohn Philosophers like him advocated for the freedom and civil rights of European Jews

Coup of poland

Her armies are vicotrious over turks Threatened balance of power between Russia and AUstria Frederick of Austria made a deal

Limitations to Frederick II government

Limitations to Frederick II government Even though he said serfdom was wrong (abstractly), he still did it in his own property and accepted the practive Accepted and extended the privledges of the nobility Backbone of the army

Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa Takes power after Charles VI dies to the the PRagmatic Sanction Frederick invades her province of Selesia, defying Prussian promisses to respect the sanction

Socail change going on at the time

Socail change going on at the time JEws spending more time with Christians

MOst enlightenment thinkers outside of the NEtherlands and England thought that

political change could best come from above, a ruler, reaher than below Philosophes had to to accept that a benevolent absolutism is the most reasonable option for improving society