2019 Chemistry Final

polar and nonpolar compounds

"Like dissolves like" is relevant to

Combustion

2C8H18 + 25O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H2O

subscript

2KBr + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 --> 2KNSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Br2 The number 4 in substance 2KNSO4 is called a:

Br2

2KBr + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 --> 2KNSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Br2 Which of these substances is a diatomic element?

2 nonmetals

A covalent compound occurs between _ _________.

consists of particles that are more strongly attracted to each other than those in a gas.

A liquid compared to a gas:

1x10^-10 M

A liter of an unknown solution has 1x10^-4 mol of hydroxide ions. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in this sample of water?

polar

A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is called a _____ molecule.

nonpolar

A nonpolar solvent will dissolve in a ________ solute.

quad

A prefix not used in naming covalent compounds:

1.42 atm

A sample of CO2 gas is at 1.75 atm and 296 K. The sample is put in a freezer and cooled to 240K at constant volume. What is the new pressure?

712 mL

A sample of argon gas is compressed by a piston exerting 3.92 atm of pressure. The piston is slowly released to a volume of 1860 mL where the pressure of the gas is 1.50 atm. Determine the original volume of the gas in mL.

Supersaturated

A solution that contains more solute than is normal for a certain temperature is

has a hydroxide-ion concentration concentration of 10^-5 M and a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1x10^-9 M

A solution with a pH of 5.0 ...

contains a large number of hydrogen ions.

A strong acid solution is one that

liquid

A substance is fluid and can be poured from a beaker into a graduated cylinder. The substance's shape changes with the shape of the container, while the volume stays the same. What phase of matter is described?

saturated

About 12 g of pottasium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, are dissolved in 100g of water at 20*C. As more solute is added and stirred, it falls to the bottom of the container. What term describes this solution at this point?

shared

Describe how electrons behave in a covalent bond.

26%

Determine percent composition of C in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).

13%

Determine the percent composition of H in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).

26%

Determine the percent composition of O in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).

As2O5

Diarsenic Pentoxide

transferred from the cheeto

During the Snack Lab the energy absorbed by the water was:

The electron dot structure only shows the number of protons.

Each oxygen atom has 8 electrons, yet the electron dot representation of oxygen only shows 6 dots. Using this information, which of the following statements is NOT true? a. The electron dot structure illustrates the electrons in the outer energy level. b. The electron dot structure illustrates the number of electrons that can be used for bonding. c. The electron dot structure only shows valence electrons. d. The electron dot structure only shows the number of protons.

the metal has a low specific heat capacity

The water in a swimming pool is very cool on a hot summer day, but the metal lawn furniture is so hot it can burn a person because:

a higher concentration of OH- ions

Two clear solutions are placed in separate beakers. The first solution has a pH of 4, and the pH of the second solution is unknown. If the two solutions are mixed and the resulting pH is 5, the second solution must have

endothermic

Two white powders are mixed in a flask. The bottom of the flask feels cold. This is an example of what kind of reaction?

3, 2, 1, 6

Using the equation below, choose the correct coefficients to balance the equation. __Mg(OH)2 + __H3PO4 --> __Mg3(PO4)2 + __H2O

charges on water molecules attract the ions in compounds with the opposite charge

Water can dissolve ionic compounds. How do you best describe how this happens?

Inverse Relationship

What best describes the relationship between pressure and volume?

As pH decreases, (H+) increases

What describes the relationship of pH to (H+)?

30*C

What is the change in the temperature of the water? mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C

Nitrogen Dioxide

What is the correct name for NO2?

salt and water

What products result from a neutralization reaction?

237K

What temperature is equal to -36*C?

the capacity to release and absorb energy

The specific heat of a substance refers to:

solvent

The substance that is present in the larger quantity in a solution is called the

1717.8 J/g

Calculate the food energy (Joules per gram) of apple burned. mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C

Unsaturated

At a given temperature and pressure, a solvent can dissolve more of a solute.

Saturated

At a given temperature and pressure, a solvent has dissolved all of a solute that it normally can.

1, 1, 1, 2

Balance the equation for the reaction below: __K2SO4 + __SrCl2 --> __SrSO4 + __KCl

12540 J

Calculate the heat gained by the water in Joules. mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C

compound

Carbon dioxide can best be classified as a ________.

Single Displacement

Br2 + 2 NaI --> 2NaBr + I2

Combustion

CH4(g) + O2(g) --> CO2(g) + H2O(g)

decreases solubility.

For gases dissolving in liquids, an increase in temperature

increases solubility.

Generally, for solids dissolving in liquids, an increase in temperature

1.3 M

Given the following neutralization reaction, 2.5 moles of HCl are added to 2 liters of water and then .5 moles of NaOH are added to 650.0 mL of water. HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O What is the molarity of the HCl?

Synthesis

H2O + SO3 --> H2SO4

Decomposition

H2O2(I) --> H2O(g) + O2(g)

Change the coefficients of the formulas

How do you balance a chemical equation?

4 atoms of solid sodium metal combine with 1 molecule of aqueous manganese(II) sulfate to form 1 atom of solid manganese metal and 2 molecules of aqueous sodium sulfate

How is this equation read? 4NA(s) + Mn(SO4)2(aq) --> Mn(s) + 2NA2SO4(aq)

7.74 mol

How many moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are in 4500 mL of a 1.72 M phosphoric acid solution?

11544 J

How much energy will be released if 5.2 moles of C3H8 are burned? C3H8 + 5O2 --> 4H2O + 3CO2 + 2220 J

Lead

If 50.0 grams of each of the following metals absorb the same amount of heat, which metal will show the greatest temperature increase? Silver (c=0.235 J/g*C) Aluminum (c=0.897 J/g*C) Lead (c=0.129 J/g*C)

131 K

If a gas sample has a pressure of 65.3 kPa at 0.00*C, what is the new lower temperature if the pressure decreases to 31.5 kPa?

unsaturated

If a small amount of sugar is added to a solution already containing dissolved sugar and it dissolves, the original solution was

solute

In a solution, the substance being dissolved is the

chemical, kinetic

In an automobile at rest, the energy from gasoline is stored in bonds which is known as ________ energy but when the automobile starts up and is in motion it becomes _______ energy.

Law of Conservation of Mass

In chemical reactions, "matter is neither destroyed or made" is a statement of the:

The water in the can was replaced between trials.

In the Snack Lab, a piece of Cheeto was burned and the energy from it was absorbed by water in the can. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an error in this lab? a. Some heat energy was lost to the environment; in other words not absorbed by the water. b. When transferring water from the graduated cylinder into the can, some water may have spilled onto the lab table. c. While burning the food the thermometer was inside of the can touching the bottom of the can. d. The water in the can was replaced between trials.

NaCl and H20

In the equation, NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O, the products are:

4, 3, 3, 2

In the proper order, which choice gives the correct numbers that balances this equation? __Al + __MnO2 --> __Mn + __Al2O3

Exothermic because energy is released to the surroundings.

Is the following reaction endothermic or exothermic and how do you know? 2Hg + O2 --> 2HgO + 43.4 J

Synthesis

KNO2(s) + O2(g) --> KNO3(s)

dinitrogen pentaphosphide

N2P5 is called __________ ______________.

Synthesis

Na(s) + Cl2(g) --> NaCl(s)

Single Replacement

Na(s) + H2O(I) --> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Diphosphorous Pentaflouride

Name the following compound: P2F5

tetraphosphorous hexasulfide

Name the following compound: P4S6.

NO

Nitrogen Monoxide

CaCl2 + AgNO3 --> AgCl + Ca(NO3)2

Of the reactions listed below, which would be classified as a double replacement reaction? a. CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O b. Li + H2O --> LiOH + H2 c. CaCl2 + AgNO3 --> AgCl + Ca(NO3)2 d. CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2

Double Replacement

Pb(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) --> HOH(I) + PbSO4(aq)

PO4

Phosphorus Tetroxide

NaNO3 + H2O

Predict the products for HNO3 + NaOH

gas > liquid > solid

Rank the relative motion of molecules from fastest to slowest for the states of matter

SiCl4

Silicon Tetrachloride

SO3

Sulfur Trioxide

Gases don't have much empty space in them.

The Kinetic Molecular Theory states all of the following except: a. gases are in constant random motion b. gas particles are very small c. gases don't have much empty space in them d. collisions between molecules are elastic and energy is not lost

P2S

The correct formula for diphosphorous monosulfide is:

synthesis

The general equation A + B --> AB describes a _________ reaction.

Gay-Lussac

The individual whose law relates temperature and pressure at constant volume is

prefixes and -ide ending

When naming covalent compounds, what should be included?

4

When the equation Al2O3 --> Al + O2 is correctly balanced, the number of atoms of Al on each side will be:

Gas particles travel in a constant straight line motion.

Which State of Matter is true? a. Solid molecules are packed so tightly together they don't move at all. b. Liquids are free flowing with no IMF. c. Gas particles travel in a constant straight line motion. d. Gases have no compressibility.

Oxygen and Iodine

Which of the following are diatomic molecules? a. Iodine and Carbon b. Sulfur and Carbon c. Oxygen and Iodine d. Carbon and Oxygen

CO2, CCl4, and N2O2

Which of the following elements would need prefixes in their nomenclature (name)? I. CO2 II. NaCl III. CuSO4 IV. CCl4 V. N2O2 VI. (NH4)3PO4

PCl5

Which of the following is a binary molecular (covalent) compound? a. PCl5 b. BeHCO3 c. MgS d. AgI e. Cr2O3

He

Which of the following is a nonmetal? a. Fe b. K c. He d. Ca

HCl

Which of the following is classified as an acid? a. HCl b. CaBr2 c. MgCl2 d. NaOH

Carbon

Which of the following is not a diatomic element? a. carbon b. nitrogen c. hydrogen d. oxygen

A falling book

Which of the following objects has kinetic energy? a. A car at rest at the bottom of a hill b. A car at rest at the top of a hill c. A book on a table d. A falling book

vinegar and bleach

Which of the following pairs contains an acid and a base? a. vinegar and bleach b. orange juice and lemon juice c. soap and shampoo d. phenolphthalein and soap

SO2

Which one of the following represents a molecular (covalent) compound? a. ZnO b. SO2 c. Xe d. BeF2

Phosphorous and Oxygen

Which pair of elements would react to form a covalent bond? a. calcium and copper b. magnesium and oxygen c. phosphorous and oxygen d. potassium and chlorine

S and P

Which pair of elements would you expect to bond covalently? I. S II. Ne III. P IV. K

tin(IV) oxide, SnO2

Which set of chemical name and formula for the same compound is correct? a. dipotassium monosulfide, K2S b. carbon monochloride, CCl c. tin(IV) oxide, SnO2 d. dipotassium sulfur tetroxide, K2SO4

2, 7, 4, 6

Which set of coefficients balances the following equation? C2H6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

the balloon will decrease in volume due to Charles' Law

You purchase a balloon at Tom Thumb and the temperature is 23*C, then you walk outside where the temperature is 4*C.

The solute is non-polar.

You test the solubility of a solute in three different solvents: water, vegetable oil, and hexane. Your results were: Water - Insoluble Vegetable Oil - Soluble Hexane - Soluble You conclude that: