2019 Chemistry Final
polar and nonpolar compounds
"Like dissolves like" is relevant to
Combustion
2C8H18 + 25O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H2O
subscript
2KBr + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 --> 2KNSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Br2 The number 4 in substance 2KNSO4 is called a:
Br2
2KBr + 3H2SO4 + MnO2 --> 2KNSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Br2 Which of these substances is a diatomic element?
2 nonmetals
A covalent compound occurs between _ _________.
consists of particles that are more strongly attracted to each other than those in a gas.
A liquid compared to a gas:
1x10^-10 M
A liter of an unknown solution has 1x10^-4 mol of hydroxide ions. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in this sample of water?
polar
A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other end is called a _____ molecule.
nonpolar
A nonpolar solvent will dissolve in a ________ solute.
quad
A prefix not used in naming covalent compounds:
1.42 atm
A sample of CO2 gas is at 1.75 atm and 296 K. The sample is put in a freezer and cooled to 240K at constant volume. What is the new pressure?
712 mL
A sample of argon gas is compressed by a piston exerting 3.92 atm of pressure. The piston is slowly released to a volume of 1860 mL where the pressure of the gas is 1.50 atm. Determine the original volume of the gas in mL.
Supersaturated
A solution that contains more solute than is normal for a certain temperature is
has a hydroxide-ion concentration concentration of 10^-5 M and a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1x10^-9 M
A solution with a pH of 5.0 ...
contains a large number of hydrogen ions.
A strong acid solution is one that
liquid
A substance is fluid and can be poured from a beaker into a graduated cylinder. The substance's shape changes with the shape of the container, while the volume stays the same. What phase of matter is described?
saturated
About 12 g of pottasium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, are dissolved in 100g of water at 20*C. As more solute is added and stirred, it falls to the bottom of the container. What term describes this solution at this point?
shared
Describe how electrons behave in a covalent bond.
26%
Determine percent composition of C in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).
13%
Determine the percent composition of H in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).
26%
Determine the percent composition of O in rubbing alchohol (C3H8O).
As2O5
Diarsenic Pentoxide
transferred from the cheeto
During the Snack Lab the energy absorbed by the water was:
The electron dot structure only shows the number of protons.
Each oxygen atom has 8 electrons, yet the electron dot representation of oxygen only shows 6 dots. Using this information, which of the following statements is NOT true? a. The electron dot structure illustrates the electrons in the outer energy level. b. The electron dot structure illustrates the number of electrons that can be used for bonding. c. The electron dot structure only shows valence electrons. d. The electron dot structure only shows the number of protons.
the metal has a low specific heat capacity
The water in a swimming pool is very cool on a hot summer day, but the metal lawn furniture is so hot it can burn a person because:
a higher concentration of OH- ions
Two clear solutions are placed in separate beakers. The first solution has a pH of 4, and the pH of the second solution is unknown. If the two solutions are mixed and the resulting pH is 5, the second solution must have
endothermic
Two white powders are mixed in a flask. The bottom of the flask feels cold. This is an example of what kind of reaction?
3, 2, 1, 6
Using the equation below, choose the correct coefficients to balance the equation. __Mg(OH)2 + __H3PO4 --> __Mg3(PO4)2 + __H2O
charges on water molecules attract the ions in compounds with the opposite charge
Water can dissolve ionic compounds. How do you best describe how this happens?
Inverse Relationship
What best describes the relationship between pressure and volume?
As pH decreases, (H+) increases
What describes the relationship of pH to (H+)?
30*C
What is the change in the temperature of the water? mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C
Nitrogen Dioxide
What is the correct name for NO2?
salt and water
What products result from a neutralization reaction?
237K
What temperature is equal to -36*C?
the capacity to release and absorb energy
The specific heat of a substance refers to:
solvent
The substance that is present in the larger quantity in a solution is called the
1717.8 J/g
Calculate the food energy (Joules per gram) of apple burned. mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C
Unsaturated
At a given temperature and pressure, a solvent can dissolve more of a solute.
Saturated
At a given temperature and pressure, a solvent has dissolved all of a solute that it normally can.
1, 1, 1, 2
Balance the equation for the reaction below: __K2SO4 + __SrCl2 --> __SrSO4 + __KCl
12540 J
Calculate the heat gained by the water in Joules. mass of water 100g mass of apple (before burning) 88g mass of apple residue (after burning) 80.7g initial temperature of water 15*C final temperature of water 45*C specific heat of water 4.18 J/g*C
compound
Carbon dioxide can best be classified as a ________.
Single Displacement
Br2 + 2 NaI --> 2NaBr + I2
Combustion
CH4(g) + O2(g) --> CO2(g) + H2O(g)
decreases solubility.
For gases dissolving in liquids, an increase in temperature
increases solubility.
Generally, for solids dissolving in liquids, an increase in temperature
1.3 M
Given the following neutralization reaction, 2.5 moles of HCl are added to 2 liters of water and then .5 moles of NaOH are added to 650.0 mL of water. HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O What is the molarity of the HCl?
Synthesis
H2O + SO3 --> H2SO4
Decomposition
H2O2(I) --> H2O(g) + O2(g)
Change the coefficients of the formulas
How do you balance a chemical equation?
4 atoms of solid sodium metal combine with 1 molecule of aqueous manganese(II) sulfate to form 1 atom of solid manganese metal and 2 molecules of aqueous sodium sulfate
How is this equation read? 4NA(s) + Mn(SO4)2(aq) --> Mn(s) + 2NA2SO4(aq)
7.74 mol
How many moles of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are in 4500 mL of a 1.72 M phosphoric acid solution?
11544 J
How much energy will be released if 5.2 moles of C3H8 are burned? C3H8 + 5O2 --> 4H2O + 3CO2 + 2220 J
Lead
If 50.0 grams of each of the following metals absorb the same amount of heat, which metal will show the greatest temperature increase? Silver (c=0.235 J/g*C) Aluminum (c=0.897 J/g*C) Lead (c=0.129 J/g*C)
131 K
If a gas sample has a pressure of 65.3 kPa at 0.00*C, what is the new lower temperature if the pressure decreases to 31.5 kPa?
unsaturated
If a small amount of sugar is added to a solution already containing dissolved sugar and it dissolves, the original solution was
solute
In a solution, the substance being dissolved is the
chemical, kinetic
In an automobile at rest, the energy from gasoline is stored in bonds which is known as ________ energy but when the automobile starts up and is in motion it becomes _______ energy.
Law of Conservation of Mass
In chemical reactions, "matter is neither destroyed or made" is a statement of the:
The water in the can was replaced between trials.
In the Snack Lab, a piece of Cheeto was burned and the energy from it was absorbed by water in the can. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an error in this lab? a. Some heat energy was lost to the environment; in other words not absorbed by the water. b. When transferring water from the graduated cylinder into the can, some water may have spilled onto the lab table. c. While burning the food the thermometer was inside of the can touching the bottom of the can. d. The water in the can was replaced between trials.
NaCl and H20
In the equation, NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O, the products are:
4, 3, 3, 2
In the proper order, which choice gives the correct numbers that balances this equation? __Al + __MnO2 --> __Mn + __Al2O3
Exothermic because energy is released to the surroundings.
Is the following reaction endothermic or exothermic and how do you know? 2Hg + O2 --> 2HgO + 43.4 J
Synthesis
KNO2(s) + O2(g) --> KNO3(s)
dinitrogen pentaphosphide
N2P5 is called __________ ______________.
Synthesis
Na(s) + Cl2(g) --> NaCl(s)
Single Replacement
Na(s) + H2O(I) --> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Diphosphorous Pentaflouride
Name the following compound: P2F5
tetraphosphorous hexasulfide
Name the following compound: P4S6.
NO
Nitrogen Monoxide
CaCl2 + AgNO3 --> AgCl + Ca(NO3)2
Of the reactions listed below, which would be classified as a double replacement reaction? a. CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O b. Li + H2O --> LiOH + H2 c. CaCl2 + AgNO3 --> AgCl + Ca(NO3)2 d. CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2
Double Replacement
Pb(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) --> HOH(I) + PbSO4(aq)
PO4
Phosphorus Tetroxide
NaNO3 + H2O
Predict the products for HNO3 + NaOH
gas > liquid > solid
Rank the relative motion of molecules from fastest to slowest for the states of matter
SiCl4
Silicon Tetrachloride
SO3
Sulfur Trioxide
Gases don't have much empty space in them.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory states all of the following except: a. gases are in constant random motion b. gas particles are very small c. gases don't have much empty space in them d. collisions between molecules are elastic and energy is not lost
P2S
The correct formula for diphosphorous monosulfide is:
synthesis
The general equation A + B --> AB describes a _________ reaction.
Gay-Lussac
The individual whose law relates temperature and pressure at constant volume is
prefixes and -ide ending
When naming covalent compounds, what should be included?
4
When the equation Al2O3 --> Al + O2 is correctly balanced, the number of atoms of Al on each side will be:
Gas particles travel in a constant straight line motion.
Which State of Matter is true? a. Solid molecules are packed so tightly together they don't move at all. b. Liquids are free flowing with no IMF. c. Gas particles travel in a constant straight line motion. d. Gases have no compressibility.
Oxygen and Iodine
Which of the following are diatomic molecules? a. Iodine and Carbon b. Sulfur and Carbon c. Oxygen and Iodine d. Carbon and Oxygen
CO2, CCl4, and N2O2
Which of the following elements would need prefixes in their nomenclature (name)? I. CO2 II. NaCl III. CuSO4 IV. CCl4 V. N2O2 VI. (NH4)3PO4
PCl5
Which of the following is a binary molecular (covalent) compound? a. PCl5 b. BeHCO3 c. MgS d. AgI e. Cr2O3
He
Which of the following is a nonmetal? a. Fe b. K c. He d. Ca
HCl
Which of the following is classified as an acid? a. HCl b. CaBr2 c. MgCl2 d. NaOH
Carbon
Which of the following is not a diatomic element? a. carbon b. nitrogen c. hydrogen d. oxygen
A falling book
Which of the following objects has kinetic energy? a. A car at rest at the bottom of a hill b. A car at rest at the top of a hill c. A book on a table d. A falling book
vinegar and bleach
Which of the following pairs contains an acid and a base? a. vinegar and bleach b. orange juice and lemon juice c. soap and shampoo d. phenolphthalein and soap
SO2
Which one of the following represents a molecular (covalent) compound? a. ZnO b. SO2 c. Xe d. BeF2
Phosphorous and Oxygen
Which pair of elements would react to form a covalent bond? a. calcium and copper b. magnesium and oxygen c. phosphorous and oxygen d. potassium and chlorine
S and P
Which pair of elements would you expect to bond covalently? I. S II. Ne III. P IV. K
tin(IV) oxide, SnO2
Which set of chemical name and formula for the same compound is correct? a. dipotassium monosulfide, K2S b. carbon monochloride, CCl c. tin(IV) oxide, SnO2 d. dipotassium sulfur tetroxide, K2SO4
2, 7, 4, 6
Which set of coefficients balances the following equation? C2H6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
the balloon will decrease in volume due to Charles' Law
You purchase a balloon at Tom Thumb and the temperature is 23*C, then you walk outside where the temperature is 4*C.
The solute is non-polar.
You test the solubility of a solute in three different solvents: water, vegetable oil, and hexane. Your results were: Water - Insoluble Vegetable Oil - Soluble Hexane - Soluble You conclude that:
