22-23 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review

Conifer trees dominate boreal forests rather than tundra because of __. Multiple choice question. A) a lack of permanently frozen soil B) direct rays of light hitting the biome C) mild climatic and weather conditions D) the absence of better adapted trees

a lack of permanently frozen soil

Which best describes a scientific theory? Multiple choice question. A) a possible explanation of an event B) a set of moral values or principles C) a description of the relationship between objects D) an explanation supported by many experiments over time

an explanation supported by many experiments over time

All the populations living in a pond would be an example of a(n)

biological community

The algae, insect larvae, protozoans, and other living things in a large puddle would be an example of a(n)

biological community

Deep ocean vents, African wildlife, and arctic glaciers are all part of the

biosphere

Identify several general pursuits of study conducted by the world's biologists.

diversity of life, research diseases, develop technologies, improve agriculture, and preserve the environment.

What is a trophic level? Multiple choice question. A) each step in a food chain or food web B) simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem C) model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem D) chemical substance that living organisms obtain from the environment to carry out life processes and sustain life

each step in a food chain or food web

The systematic study of the biosphere's organisms is called

Biology

The total mass of living matter as each trophic level is called its _______. Multiple choice question. A) biomass B) biotic factors C) abiotic factors D) food chain

Biomass

Contrast the biodiversity found in the different lake zones.

?

A computer simulation is an example of what? Multiple choice question. A) a hypothesis B) a model C) a scientific law D) a scientific theory

A model

Explain why there is a climatic difference between the cities of Anchorage, Alaska, and Kingston, Jamaica.

Alaska is higher up in longitude, and its farther away from the equator than Jamaica, making it have a colder climate.

Give a definition for the following terms: a. Plankton b. Sediment

An autotroph that is carried by tides and currents is solid rock that is moved and deposited in a new location

What is matter? Multiple choice question. A) anything that takes up space and has mass B) the ability to do work C) a combination of two or more substances in which each retains its individual properties D) a pure substance formed when two or more atoms combine

Anything that takes up space and has mass

____ __ such as the water cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the carbon and oxygen cycles are important because they allow for the exchange of matter through the biosphere involving living organisms, chemical process, and geological processes. One such example is the nitrogen cycle. The atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen gas. This gas is captured by organisms and converted into a useable form of nitrogen for plants by a process called _______ Once this nitrogen has passed through several organisms, the useable nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere by a process called _____

Biogeochemical processes nitrogen fixation denitrification

Describe why biologists consider an earthworm to be an organism.

Biologists consider earthworms to be an organism because it is made out of cells and displays all the characteristics of an organism

The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the long term is the ________. The ____explains how fast a given population grows.

Carrying capacity Population growth rate

Which is NOT a quantitative measurement of a pencil? Multiple choice question. A) length B) mass C) color D) diameter

Color

Which explains why few animal species live in a fast-flowing river? Multiple choice question. A) Cold water lowers dissolved oxygen levels. B) Currents prevent accumulation of most organic matter. C) Few animals are adapted to withstand high-speed water. D) Frothing water reflects sunlight away from autotrophs.

Currents prevent accumulation of most organic matter.

Give a definition for the following terms: a. Food chain b. Food web

Food chain is a linear sequence of organisms which starts from producer organisms and ends with decomposer species. Food web is a connection of multiple food chains. Food chain follows a single path whereas food web follows multiple paths.

Summarize the steps you might use to carry out an investigation using scientific methods.

Define a Question to Investigate. As scientists conduct their research, they make observations and collect data. ... Make Predictions. Based on their research and observations, scientists will often come up with a hypothesis. ... Gather Data. ... Analyze the Data. ... Draw Conclusions.

changes an organism undergoes in its lifetime before reaching its adult form Multiple choice question. A) stimulus B) reproduction C) organization D) development E) homeostasis

Development

The Gulf Stream is an ocean current of warm water that flows from the Caribbean Sea up the eastern coast of North America before crossing over to the British Isles. The current brings warm water and air northward. Scientists are concerned that global warming will cause polar ice to melt and form a cold water current that blocks the Gulf Stream. Infer possible climatic effects resulting from substantial quantities of northern polar ice melting.

Due to rise temperature leading to melting of ice more water flows to the seas from glacies and ice caps increasing the volume of water in the ocean. This has lead to increase in average global sea level between four and eight inches.

The aquatic ecosystem that has the greatest biodiversity is a(n)

Estuary

Any factor in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-independent factor. True False

False

Trees cannot take root in tundra biomes because of the existence of animals. True False

False

Many scientists are greatly concerned about the large quantities of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere by human activities such as driving vehicles and operating power plants. Many scientists believe these activities are causing global warming, which is a gradual increase in Earth's average temperature. Predict an adverse consequence of global warming on the water cycle.

Global warming would melt the ice caps where huge amounts of water is held. This then would raise the sea level while making places close to sea level under water and places that are already dry drier, because it increases the temperature.

Which is the process that results in mass being added to an organism that may include formation of new cells and new structures? Multiple choice question. A) growth B) development C) reproduction D) mitosis

Growth

regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life Multiple choice question. A) development B) reproduction C) organization D) stimulus E) homeostasis

Homeostasis

Much of the world's original temperate grasslands have been destroyed by human activities. Infer why temperate grassland biomes have been dramatically affected by human activities.

Humans have been destroying temperate grasslands by performing agriculture

Which is a testable explanation? Multiple choice question. A) dependent variable B) independent variable C) hypothesis D) observation

Hypothesis

____ is the term ecologists use to describe the number of individuals moving away from a population. ______ is the term ecologists use to describe the number of individuals moving into a population.

Immigration Emmigration

Which is true about scientific inquiry? Multiple choice question. A) It poses questions about astrology. B) It can be done only by one person. C) It is resistant to change and not open to criticism. D) It is testable.

It is testable

Which should a scientist conclude about data that are inconsistent with the current, scientific understanding of amphibian reproduction? Multiple choice question. A) A new idea or theory should be devised to fit the new data. B) Inconsistencies in the data warrant further investigation. C) The data are flawed and should be discarded or ignored. D) The data reflect the flaws in the current, scientific ideas.

Inconsistencies in the data warrant further investigation.

Many mountains have a tree line, which is an imaginary line above which trees will not grow. Hypothesize why some mountains have tree lines and what the trees at the tree line might look like.

Many mountains have a tree line because the elevation conditions change, the wind is too harsh, and the trees can't grow in rock, which is the only thing there. The trees growing there would be short and stubby because they are fighting hard for survival.

Analyze the image above. Infer the effect on organism numbers if a disease reduced the number of primary producers to 750,000.

Most of the populations are going to decrease

Which explains why secondary succession generally occurs more rapidly in an area than does primary succession? Multiple choice question. A) Average precipitation is higher. B) Moderate climatic conditions exist. C) Pioneer species are microscopic. D) Soil formation has already occurred.

Soil formation has already occurred.

Hypothesize why there are no fourth-level consumers in this ecosystem.

Not a lot of top predators.

Differentiate between observations and inferences.

Observations are what see/ notice, while inferences are inferences you make based on your observations.

orderly structure shown by living things Multiple choice question. A) organization B) stimulus C) homeostasis D) reproduction E) development

Organization

Which helps maintain a dog's homeostasis? Multiple choice question. A) panting B) eating C) hunting D) sleeping

Panting

The weathering and eroding of rocks releases a substance, which is essential for the growth of many autotrophs, called

Phosphorus

Hypothesize how top carnivores, such as lions, wolves, and eagles, that are tertiary consumers, increase the variety of species found in the ecosystems they inhabit.

Population control, disease control, less competition for resources, producers, herbivores and habitat

Compare and contrast the terms science and biology

Science is the study of the natural world; biology is the study of life

Which describes this statement, "The frog is 4 cm long"? Multiple choice question. A) quantitative data B) inference C) control group D) qualitative data

Quantitative data

Which of these is not one of the basic characteristics of all living organisms? Multiple choice question. A) reproduce sexually B) require energy C) maintain homeostasis D) display organization

Reproduce sexually

production of offspring Multiple choice question. A) stimulus B) homeostasis C) development D) organization E) reproduction

Reproduction

What is it called when an organism reacts to a stimulus, either internal or external? Multiple choice question. A) a response B) a reply C) a reaction D) a return

Response

What crucial function does a Venus flytrap display when it captures a fly? Multiple choice question. A) response to a stimulus B) reproductive behavior C) protective response to a predator D) a territorial behavior

Response to stimuli

any change in an organism's internal or external environment that causes the organism to react Multiple select question. A) homeostasis B) organization C) stimulus D) reproduction E) development

Stimulus

A close association between two or more species that live together is called a __ relationship. This association can be mutualistic, parasitic, or commensalistic. Multiple choice question. A) symbiotic B) food chain C) food web D) biosphere

Symbiotic

Which defines a hypothesis? Multiple choice question. A) accepted idea B) educated guess C) observed inference D) testable explanation

Testable explanation

Explain why the biomass of an ecosystem is not necessarily a measurement of its health.

The Biomass of an Ecosystem is not a measurement of it's health because biomass is the measurement of the weight or total quantity of living organisms of one animal or plant species (species biomass) or of all the species in a community (community biomass),

Infer the abiotic factors affecting the growth of a palm tree that has sprouted along the shore of a tropical island.

The abiotic factors that would help the growth of the palm tree would be the infinite access to the sunlight, and the water that could occasionally come up to where it planted

A) act of one organism feeding on another organism B) process through which nitrogen gas is captured and converted into a form that plants can use C) process in which fixed nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere D) exchange of matter through the biosphere involving living organisms, chemical processes, and geological processes

The act of one organism feeding on another organism

Which is an example of mutualism? Multiple choice question. A) a fish protecting a shrimp, who builds a burrow for the pair to share B) a peacock courting and mating with a peahen C) crayfish and minnows resting under the same rock D) two snake species with similar markings advertising their toxic venom

a fish protecting a shrimp, who builds a burrow for the pair to share

A doctorfish grazing on ocean algae is an example of a heterotroph that is an herbivore True False

True

An organism is anything that has or once had the characteristics of life: made of cells, displays organization, grows and develops, reproduces, requires energy, and maintains homeostasis. True False

True

Iron, water, and sugar are examples of matter that are nutrients. True False

True

What is the difference between the terms weather and climate? Multiple choice question. A) Weather is the atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific time and place, and climate is the average weather of a location. B) Climate is the atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific time and place, and weather is is the average climate of a location. C) Climate and weather mean the same thing. D) Weather is the average temperature of a location, while a climate is the location itself.

Weather is the atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific time and place, and climate is the average weather of a location.

Hypothesize about the validity of horoscopes for predicting a person's future.

Wrong Because everyone controls their own actions and can change their actions at any given time

An inherited characteristic of a species that develops over time in response to an environmental factor, enabling the species to survive is called a(n)

adaptation

Tiger stripes that camouflage the animal in dry grass and shadows are an example of a(n)

adaptation

What is a biological community? Multiple choice question. A) all the interacting populations of a different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time B) group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic area at the same time C) physical area where an organism lives D) a role, or position of an organism in its environment

all the interacting populations of a different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time

Ecologists often use modeling, instead of field studies, because it __. Multiple choice question. A) allows them to control all of the variables involved B) helps them collect more samples C) is less expensive than working in the field D) lets them study many organisms at once

allows them to control all of the variables involved

_______ is the substance formed from decomposing matter.

ammonia

In an environment, there are a variety of factors that affect a population's growth and survival. These include both _______ which are all living factors in an organism's environment. These could be the plants or animals it consumes, the trees in lives in, or even the microorganisms in the soil or water. There are also _______ which are all the nonliving factors in an environment, which include water, sunlight, temperature, and _______ which are chemical substances that living organisms use to carry out processes and sustain life. Any factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community is considered a ________. To be able to survive, the organisms must have a certain level of ______ the ability to survive these factors.

biotic factors abiotic factors nutrients limiting factor tolerance

A species of an organism is capable of doing what? Multiple choice question. A) breeding with one another and producing fertile offspring B) breeding with one another and producing infertile offspring C) living in the same environment as one another D) living in different environments across the biosphere

breeding with one another and producing fertile offspring

Which is part of the biogeochemical cycle? Multiple choice question. A) carbon trapped on the ocean floor B) helium gas escaping into space C) lava flowing from an active volcano D) solar radiation traveling to Earth

carbon trapped on the ocean floor

The basic unit of structure for all living things is called a

cell

Which of the following constitutes the basic structural organization of life? Multiple choice question. A) weather conditions in a habitat B) cell organelles that combine to form nuclei C) species living in an environment D) cells that make up tissues and structures

cells that make up tissues and structures

A remora fish swimming beneath a shark to collect scraps while the shark remains unaffected is an example of

commensalism

Temperate forest plant life is dominated by

deciduous trees

The process of natural changes that take place during an organism's life is called

development

The pattern of spacing of a population within an area is called

dispersion

A) establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present B) process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors C) orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed D) average weather conditions in a specific area, determined by latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and other factors

establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present

What is a population? Multiple choice question. A) group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic area at the same time B) a role, or position of an organism in its environment C) physical area where an organism lives D) biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it

group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic area at the same time

The region of land—approximately 4 km2— a jaguar must roam to collect food would be an example of a(n)

habitat

An organism in a community inhabits a specific physical area, or ______ Each organism in a community has a unique role to play, known as its _____ A biological community and all biotic and abiotic factors that that affect it is called a(n) ____ When several of these have the same climate and similar types of communities, they are classified as a(n) _____

habitat niche ecosystem biome

State the eight characteristics of living things

is made up of one or more cells; displays organization; grows and develops; reproduces; response to stimuli; requires energy; maintains homeostasis; adaptations evolve over time

Explain why scientists should welcome evidence and arguments that contradict accepted scientific theories.

it will helps the scientist to redo the experiment and improve the accuracy of the results.

In which scientific study would an ecologist take part? Multiple choice question. A) assess the rabies risk of wild raccoons B) classify three new rain forest insect species C) compare fossilized ant species in amber D) observe how coral colonizes a sunken ship

observe how coral colonizes a sunken ship

What is secondary succession? Multiple choice question. A) orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed B) establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present C) process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors D) atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific time and place

orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed

A(n) ________ is anything that has or once had all the characteristics of life.

organism

The zone that would support the greatest variety of coral reef ecosystems is the

photic zone

The number of organisms per unit of living area is called

population density

What is ecological succession? Multiple choice question. A) process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors B) establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present C) orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed D) distance of a point on Earth's surface north or south of the equator

process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors

Which defines a biome as a desert? Multiple choice question. A) a region of few or no trees B) annual rainfall less than 10 cm/yr C) area with no organic matter in soil D) rate of evaporation higher than precipitation

rate of evaporation higher than precipitation

Which of these is an example of the human body maintaining homeostasis? Multiple choice question. A) red blood cells delivering oxygen B) emergence of an evolutionary adaptation C) organization of tissues into organs D) reproduction of a species to continue existence

red blood cells delivering oxygen

What is a climax community? Multiple choice question. A) stable, mature ecological community with little change in the composition of species B) group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic area at the same time C) biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it D) all the interacting populations of a different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time

stable, mature ecological community with little change in the composition of species

What is mutualism? Multiple choice question. A) symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit B) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed C) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism

symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

What is commensalism? Multiple choice question. A) symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit B) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed C) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism

symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed

What is parasitism? Multiple choice question. A) symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit B) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed C) symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism

symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism

Study the graph. Hypothesize the possible behaviors of a school of steelhead trout in water with a temperature of 10°C.

the behavior of trout at 10 degrees Celsius would be that they would be at physiological stress meaning they would have trouble growing and reproducing

What would an ecologist use latitude to describe? Multiple choice question. A) the distance of a point from the Earth's equator B) the distance of a point from Earth's prime meridian C) the average weather conditions of a specific location D) the distance of a point from the Earth's north pole

the distance of a point from the Earth's equator

The suffix -ology comes from the Latin word meaning to study. What is ecology the study of? Multiple choice question. A) the interrelationships between organisms and their environment B) organic molecules C) how certain organisms are able to use sound to locate objects around them D) the interrelationships between single-cell organisms

the interrelationships between organisms and their environment

What is the biosphere? Multiple choice question. A) the relatively thin layer of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life B) all the interacting populations of a different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time C) biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it D) physical area where an organism lives

the relatively thin layer of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life

The terrestrial biome with the greatest biodiversity is the

tropical rainforest