2.2 SEHS
What is one function of platelets?
Aids in clotting
Which blood vessel directly supplies the heart?
Aorta
Which are the major blood vessels in the heart?
Aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein
Describe the sequence of excitation of the cardiac muscle that results in a heartbeat.
Deoxygenated blood -super vena cava -right atrium -through tricuspid valve -right ventricle -pulmonary valve -artery to lungs Oxygenated blood -pulmonary vein -left atrium -bicuspid valve -left ventricle -aortic valve to body
Which is an example of a blood cell? I. leucocyte II. Platelet III. Plasma
Leucocyte, Eythrocytes, Platelets
Compare the distribution of blood in a runner at rest and during a 10 000 m race.
Muscle: 1000(20%)----21000(84%) liver: 1350(27%)----500(2%) kidneys: 1100(22%)---250(1%) brain: 700(14%)---900(4%) skin:300(6%)---600(2%) Heart: 200(4%)---1000(4%) total: 5000---25000
What are the major components of blood?
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma
Blood is made up of plasma and which type of cells?
Red blood cells and white blood cells
Discuss the systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to dynamic and static exercise.
Static: Both systolic and diastolic BP increase Dynamic: Only systolic increase, diastolic unchanged
define stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.
Compare the heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output of trained rowers versus untrained rowers during rest and exercise.
Trained: increased stroke volume because heart is stronger, lower heart rate because heart doesn't work as hard, similar max heart rate because of similar age. Cardiac output is higher because it is based off of stroke volume and heart rate
Discuss how data can vary for maximal oxygen consumption between males and females.
VO2 max for boys is higher because they are larger, have larger hearts and their body composition and hemoglobin.
Discuss how data can vary for maximal oxygen consumption between young and old.
after 25, VO2 declines at a rate of 1% per year.
Which correctly describes pulmonary circulation?
carries oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs where it can drop off CO2 and pick up O2
Which correctly describes systematic circulation?
carries oxygenated blood to the body where it can drop off O2 and pick up CO2
Distinguish between the variability of maximal oxygen consumption during treadmill running and arm ergometry.
endurance athletes have larger VO2 than sprint athletes. As demands for energy increases, so does oxygen.
What is the definition of systolic blood pressure?
maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pushes blood through body. rises during exercise of excitement, falls during sleep. (when ventricle contracts)
Which component of blood is required to form a blood clot?
platelets
What is the definition of diastolic blood pressure?
pressure of blood during relaxation phase in heartbeat.
Explain cardiovasular drift during distnace running.
refers to the increase in heart rate that occurs during prolonged endurance exercise with little or no change in workload. increase in temp decrease of volume of blood plasma.
Calculate the cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate
define cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Discuss how systolic and diastolic blood pressure respond to static exercise.
Both systolic and diastolic BP increase
Which is responsible for the electrical impulse that regulates the contraction of the atria in the heart?
Electrical signals start at the SA node, causing atria contraction, and then move on to AV node, delaying electrical impulses to allow blood from the atrium to fill the ventricles
Discuss how data can vary for maximal oxygen consumption between trained and untrained.
Trained is higher because of higher stroke volume, size and composition, mode of exercise
Define VO2 max.
The maximal rate at which an individual can consume o2 during maximal exertion.
