3340 final exam
The nurse understands that primary dentition is usually completed by age: (p. 118 [new], 133 [old]) 18 months 3 years 4 years 6 years
3 years
The pediatric nurse understands that the rooting reflex typically disappears at which age? (Choose the correct answer.) (Please refer to Lowdermilk, pp. 541-544; See also "Normal Infant Reflexes" section in the Infant & Toddler PowerPoint.) 1-2 months 3-4 months 5-6 months 7-8 months
3-4 months
Most children are able to feed themselves using a spoon by age: (p. 88 [new],100 [old]) 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 years
4 years
The nurse should teach a parent to introduce solid foods to an infant at what age? (p. 284 [new], 317 [old]) 3 months 6 months 8 months 10 months
6 months
Normal heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) for an adolescent is: (choose the best response) (pp. 122, 125 [new], 137, 140 [old]) 100-150 HR, 33-55 RR 80-120 HR, 25-40 RR 65-110 HR, 14-22 RR 60-100 HR, 12-20 RR
60-100 HR, 12-20 RR
Tina is 33 inches tall at 24 months. The nurse anticipates that Tina will be how many inches tall when fully grown? (pp. 85 [new], 92-94 [old]) 48 inches 60 inches 66 inches 72 inches
66 inches explanation: The toddler is approximately ½ adult height at 2 yrs.
A mother visits her primary care provider for the child's 12-month visit. The child weighed 2,800 grams at birth. Which of the following weights is most consistent with the expected weight for this child? 7,500 grams 8,000 grams 8,500 grams 9,000 grams
8,500 grams explanation: Infants usually triple their birth weight by 12 months of age. A weight of 8,500 grams is most consistent with the expected weight for this child.
The nurse is working in a pediatric surgical unit. In discussing patient-controlled analgesia in a preop parental meeting, the nurse should explain that PCA is most appropriate for the (p. 321 [new], 356 [old]) A 16-year-old who is developmentally delayed and postop from bone surgery. A 5-year-old, postop from tonsillectomy. A 10-year-old who has a fractured femur and concussion from a bike accident. A 12-year-old, postop from spinal fusion for scoliosis.
A 12-year-old, postop from spinal fusion for scoliosis.
Which of the following is the best example of appropriate communication with a young child in the hospital setting? (pp. 78-81, 234 [new], 99; 260 [old]; Powerpoint slides # 83-86) "I'm going to take your pulse now." "I'm going to give you a little stick in the arm." "I'm going to count how fast your heart beats." "I will give you a shot in the arm." "This will hurt or burn."
"I'm going to count how fast your heart beats."
A 5-year-old is being discharged from the outpatient surgical center. Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for further teaching? (pp. 323-324 [new], 359-360 [old]) "I can expect my child to have some pain for the next few days." "I will plan to give my child pain medicine around the clock for the next day or so." "Since my child just had surgery today, I can expect the pain level to be higher tomorrow." "I will call the office tomorrow if the pain medicine is not relieving the pain."
"Since my child just had surgery today, I can expect the pain level to be higher tomorrow."
A mother complains that her 13-year-old has started to grow rapidly, and asks the nurse if this is normal and how long it will last. The best nursing response is: (pp. 94-96 [new], 105-106 [old]) "This is unusual at this age, and a physician should be contacted." "This is normal, but will only last a few months." "This is normal and can last until about age 20." "This is normal, but growth should be completed by about age 15 or 16."
"This is normal and can last until about age 20."
The nurse explains that the statistics of infant mortality are expressed in number of infant deaths per: (pp. 6-7) 100 live births 1000 live births 10,000 live births 100,000 live births
1000 live births
The charge nurse on a hospital unit is developing plans of care related to separation anxiety. The charge nurse recognizes that the hospitalized child at highest risk to experience separation anxiety when parents cannot stay is the (pp. 224-225 [new], 250-252 [old]) 6-month-old. 18-month-old. 3-year-old. 4-year-old.
18-month-old.
An infant weighted 7 lbs, 11 oz. at birth. What should the nurse expect this infant to weigh at 12 months of age? (pp. 80-83 [new], 92-94 [old]) 15 lbs. 20 lbs. 23 lbs. 25 lbs.
23 lbs. explanation: Expect the baby to triple his or her birth weight by about age 1 year.
A child should be able to pull off her shoes by which age? (p. 85 [new], 97 [old]) 13 months 18 months 24 months 36 months
24 months
Baby Smith weighs 14 pounds. What is his hourly fluid needs? (p. 415 [new], 454 [old]; p. 14 Clinical Guidebook) 5.8 mL/hour 14 mL/hour 26.5 mL/hr 128.3 mL/hour
26.5 mL/hr explanation: Change 14 pounds to kilograms, by dividing by 2.2. Then, multiply by 100 mL for the 24 hour fluid needs. Then divide that number by 24 to find out the hourly fluid needs.
Most children are ready to begin the process of toilet training by which age? (pp. 85-86, 173 [new]; 97-98; 194 [old]) (See http://www.babycenter.com/toilet-training-readiness-checklist-2-years (Links to an external site.) ) 18 months 24 months 27 months 32 months
27 months
The parents of a critically injured child wish to stay in the room while the child is receiving emergency care. The nurse should (pp. 228, 230-232, 260-269 [new], 254; 257; 290-298 [old]) Escort the parents to the waiting room and assure them that they can see their child soon. Allow the parents to stay with the child. Ask the physician if the parents can stay with the child. Tell the parents that they do not need to stay with the child.
Allow the parents to stay with the child.
The nurse is caring for a child who has been sedated for a painful procedure. The priority nursing activity for this child should be (pp. 314-316 [new], 353-355 [old]) Allow parents to stay with the child. Monitor pulse oximetry. Assess the child's respiratory effort. Place the child on a cardiac monitor.
Assess the child's respiratory effort.
A 5-year-old is in the playroom when the respiratory therapist arrives on the pediatric unit to give the child a scheduled breathing treatment. The nurse should (pp. 238-240, 89-91, 263-264, 793 [new], 265-268; 101-102; 862 [old]) Reschedule the treatment for a later time. Show the respiratory therapist to the playroom so the treatment may be performed. Escort the child to his room and ask the child-life specialist to bring toys to the bedside. Assist the child back to his room for the treatment but reassure the child that he may return when the procedure is completed.
Assist the child back to his room for the treatment but reassure the child that he may return when the procedure is completed.
A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should instruct the mother to: (Choose the one best answer.) (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Consistently meet the infant's needs, when the newborn signals a need. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying.
Consistently meet the infant's needs, when the newborn signals a need.
School-age children engage in a type of play that is goal-oriented (in other words, the children play in an organized manner toward a common goal). The children plan, assign roles, and play together with established rules. (p. 92 [new], 104 [old]) This type of play is known as: Associative play Cooperative play Goal-oriented play Social recreation play
Cooperative play
The nurse needs to administer a medication to a 4-year-old child. The medication is only available in tablet form. The nurse should: (p. 233 [new], 259 [old]) Place the tablet on the child's tongue and give the child a drink of water. Break the tablet in small pieces and ask the child to swallow the pieces one by one. Crush the tablet and mix it in a teaspoon of applesauce. Crush the table and mix it in a cup of juice.
Crush the tablet and mix it in a teaspoon of applesauce.
The 20-month-old child appears to be happy and content with multiple caregivers and other children. She also ignores her parents when they reappear on the unit. The pediatric nurse determines that the child is experiencing which stage of separation anxiety? (pp. 224-225 [new], 250-251 [old]) Contentment Despair Detachment Protest
Detachment
start of quiz 3: A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder will be discharged home on an oral anticonvulsant medication. Which of the following actions by the mother best demonstrates understanding of how to give the medication? The mother (p. 233 [new], 259 [old]) Verbalizes how to give the medication. Acknowledges understanding of written instructions. Draws up the medication correctly in an oral syringe and administers it to the child. Observes the nurse draw up the medication and administer it to the child.
Draws up the medication correctly in an oral syringe and administers it to the child.
A parent asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to reduce the pain that his 3-year-old experiences each morning when blood is drawn for lab studies. The most appropriate method the nurse can suggest to relieve pain associated with the venipuncture is (pp. 326-328 [new], 362-363 [old]) Intravenous sedation 15 minutes prior to the procedure. EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) applied to skin at least one hour prior to the procedure. Use of guided imagery during the procedure. Use of muscle-relaxation techniques.
EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) applied to skin at least one hour prior to the procedure.
The charge nurse is concerned with reducing the stressors of hospitalization. The nursing intervention that is most helpful in decreasing the stressors for the toddler is to (pp. 223-225 [new], 250-252 [old]) Assign the same nurse to the toddler as much as possible. Let the child listen to an audiotape of the mother's voice. Place a picture of the family at the bedside. Encourage a parent to stay with the child.
Encourage a parent to stay with the child.
A 3-year-old is hospitalized following surgery for a ruptured appendix. During assessment of the child, the nurse notes that the child is sleeping. Vital signs are as follows: temperature 97.8 degrees F axillary, pulse 90, respirations 12, and blood pressure 100/60. Based on this assessment, the nurse concludes that the child is: (pp. 318-321 [new], 353-354 [old]) Comfortable and the pain is controlled. In shock secondary to blood loss during surgery. Experiencing respiratory depression secondary to opioid administration for postoperative pain. Sleeping to avoid pain associated with surgery.
Experiencing respiratory depression secondary to opioid administration for postoperative pain.
While teaching a 10 year-old child about his impending heart surgery, the nurse should: (pp. 70-72 [new], 80-83 [old]) Provide a verbal explanation just prior to the surgery Provide the child with a booklet to read about the surgery Introduce the child to another child who had heart surgery three days ago Explain the surgery using a model of the heart
Explain the surgery using a model of the heart
Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in _____________? (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Feelings of inferiority A sense of guilt A poor sense of self Mistrust
Feelings of inferiority
The nurse conducts developmental screenings at a community center for infants and young children. The nurse explains that the purpose of these screenings is to: (pp. 103-105 [new], 118-120 [old]) Reverse degenerative processes that have occurred. Recognize early infection in order to prevent spread to individuals in close contact with the child. See if there's cause to suspect that a baby or toddler has a disability or developmental delay. Measure intelligence and readiness for school. Diagnose a developmental impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas.
See if there's cause to suspect that a baby or toddler has a disability or developmental delay.
According to Piaget, this is the first stage of cognitive development. This is the period where the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulation of objects. (pp. 70-72 [new], 80-83 [old]) Which Piaget stage? Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational
Sensorimotor
The nurse correctly recognizes that a shared goal of early intervention for both maple syrup urine disease (MUSD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) is avoidance of which complication? (pp. 893-896 [new], 970 [old]) Severe neurologic impairment Secondary liver disease Obesity Heart disease
Severe neurologic impairment
The nurse is assessing a six-month-old child. Which developmental skills are normal and should be expected? (See "Infant Growth & Development Document" in the Course Packet; pp. 80-81; 84 (new), 92-93; 95 (old) in the textbook) Speaks in short sentences. Sits alone in tripod position. Can feed self with a spoon. Pulling up to a standing position.
Sits alone in tripod position.
The nurse is teaching the parents about dental care for their toddler. Which of the following information is appropriate for the nurse to include? (pp. 171-172; 283 [new], 192; 316 [old]) Allow only a teaspoon-size amount of toothpaste per day Flossing is not necessary, due to the negativity and resistance to care of the toddler years The child should not take a bottle to bed, but may have a tippy cup Teeth should be brushed with a soft bristle nylon brush or washcloth
Teeth should be brushed with a soft bristle nylon brush or washcloth
The pediatric nurse is formulating a disaster preparedness plan for disadvantaged children in a rural community. This plan includes allocation of supplies and equipment, sheltering-in-place, and roles/ assignments for healthcare personnel.This meticulous planning demonstrates which level of preventive health maintenance? (pp. 145, 213-219 [new],164, 238-245 [old]) Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Quaternary prevention
Tertiary prevention
With phenylketonuria: (pp. 893-894 [new], 970 [old]) Transmission is by autosomal dominance The child typically has lighter skin, hair, and eyes The child is unable to metabolize galactose The child is unable to metabolie leucine
The child typically has lighter skin, hair, and eyes
A 10-year-old has been receiving morphine every two hours for postoperative pain as ordered. The medication relieves the pain for approximately 90 minutes, and then the pain returns. The nurse should (pp. 323-324 [new], 359-360 [old]) Tell the child that pain medication cannot be administered more frequently than every two hours. Reposition the child and quietly leave the room. Inform the parents that the child is dependent on the medication. Call the family nurse practitioner to see if the child's orders for pain medication can be changed.
Call the family nurse practitioner to see if the child's orders for pain medication can be changed.
Which role would the pediatric nurse be serving when providing support and assisting with resources and referrals? (pp. 2-4) Advocate. Case manager. Educator. Researcher.
Case manager.
start of quiz 2: A child must be able to sit before he can walk. This is an example of which directional pattern of development? (pp. 66-67 [new], 77-78 [old]) Cephalocaudal Proportional Proximodistal Linear
Cephalocaudal
The nurse is teaching parents of an infant about introduction of solid food to their baby. What is the first food they can add to the diet? (p. 284 [new], 317 [old]) Vegetables Cereal Fruit Meats
Cereal
According to Piaget, this is the third stage of cognitive development that is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations. (pp. 70-72 [new], 80-83 [old]) Which Piaget stage? Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational
Concrete operational
According to Piaget, the 7- to 11-year-old-child is at which of the following stages of cognitive development? (pp. 70-72 [new], 80-83 [old]) Sensorimotor Formal operations Concrete operations Preoperational
Concrete operations
The pediatric nurse takes into consideration that the primary cause of infant mortality is: (pp. 6-7) Congenital deformities Low birth weight Sudden infant death syndrome Systemic infection
Congenital deformities
As an advocate for the child undergoing bone-marrow aspiration, the nurse should most appropriately suggest (pp. 329-330 [new], 364-365 [old]) General anesthesia. Conscious sedation. Intravenous narcotics ten minutes before the procedure. Oral pain medication for discomfort after the procedure.
Conscious sedation.
If respiratory depression occurs with opioid use, the pediatric nurse should use which reversal agent when oxygen and stimulation of the child are ineffective? (Slide # 72, PowerPoint lecture) Atropine sulfate Dexamethasone Epinephrine Methylprednisolone Nalaxone hydrochloride
Nalaxone hydrochloride
The home health nurse practices anticipatory guidance for a family with a 12-month-old child by giving information and brochures about: (pp. 145; 85-86 [new], 163; 97-98 [old]) Methods to decrease teething discomfort Methods to introduce solid food Advantages of breastfeeding Accident-proofing their home
Accident-proofing their home
The nurse cautions a group of parents that the leading cause of childhood mortality (after the first year of life) is: (pp. 6-7) Chronic disease Homicide Suicide Accidents
Accidents
During the nurse's initial assessment of a school-age child, the child reports a pain level of 6 out of 10. The child is lying quietly in bed watching television. The nurse should (pp. 318-327 [new], 353-361 [old]) Administer prescribed analgesic. Ask the child's parents if they think the child is hurting. Reassess the child in 15 minutes to see if the pain rating has changed. Do nothing, since the child appears to be resting.
Administer prescribed analgesic.
Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal identity? (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Adolescence Preschool age School age Toddler
Adolescence
Which of the following developmental delays are seen in children with Down syndrome? (pp. 814-815 [new], 885 [old]) Expressive and receptive language delays Cognitive impairments Fine and gross motor delays All of the above
All of the above
The nurse is working with a school-age child who is hospitalized. In planning care that will promote a sense of industry in this child, the nurse should (pp. 226 [new], 252-253 [old]) Allow the child to assist with her care. Encourage parents to participate in the child's care. Give the child a detailed scientific explanation of the illness. Speak to the child in a high-pitched voice.
Allow the child to assist with her care.
The nurse must perform a procedure on a toddler. The technique most appropriate when performing the procedure is to (pp. 223-224, 234-236 [new], 252; 260; 261-263 [old]) Ask the mother to restrain the child during the procedure. Ask the child if it is okay to start the procedure. Perform the procedure in the child's hospital bed. Allow the child to cry or scream.
Allow the child to cry or scream.
When performing a newborn assessment, the nurse should measure the vital signs in the following sequence: Respirations, pulse, temperature Pulse, respirations, temperature Temperature, pulse, respirations Respirations, temperature, pulse
Respirations, pulse, temperature
The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. (pp. 388-394 [new], 426-432 [old]) The nurse's initial interventions are aimed at: Confronting Monique. Getting Monique to talk about the suspected abuse Providing psychosocial support to Monique Attending to the child's physical injuries
Attending to the child's physical injuries
Jane, who is 32-months, insists on dressing herself each morning, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane's behavior? (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis-1, achondroplasia, and Marfan syndrome are examples of genetic conditions transmitted by which pattern of inheritance? (p. 52 [new], 59 [old]) Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive Multifactorial
Autosomal dominant
If a disorder is (fill in the blank) , it means the affected person only needs to get the abnormal gene from one parent to inherit the disease. One of the parents has to have the disorder. These disorders involve altered genes on autosomes rather than the sex chromosomes X and Y. Both males and females have an equal chance of being affected. There is a 50% chance of an affected child. Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive Multifactorial
Autosomal dominant
Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Guacher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-Sachs disease are examples of genetic conditions transmitted by which pattern of inheritance? (p. 52 [new], 59 [old]) Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive Multifactorial
Autosomal recessive
start of quiz 1: Parents of a newborn are confused when their child is diagnosed with a genetic disorder because neither of them has a defect. Testing is done and it is determined that both parents are carriers of the disorder even though they are asymptomatic. Understanding the principles of the Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance, the nurse determines what condition is the likely reason for this genetic disorder? X-linked dominant condition Autosomal dominant condition X-linked recessive condition Autosomal recessive condition
Autosomal recessive condition
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate atraumatic care for the hospitalized child? (pp. 223-229, 233-234 [new], 249-256; 259-261 [old]) Use numbing medication (EMLA cream) on the skin before venipuncture. Restrain the child, holding him down firmly during procedures to prevent injury. Avoid use of irritating chemicals (such as alcohol) on the skin. Never use needles and instruments which cause unnecessary pain.
Restrain the child, holding him down firmly during procedures to prevent injury.
Childhood obesity is defined as: (pp. 293 [new], 325-326 [old]) BMI between the 85th and 94th percentile BMI at or above the 95th percentile Weight between the 85th and 94th percentile Weight at or above the 95th percentile
BMI at or above the 95th percentile
The pediatric nurse is conducting an examination of a nine-month-old baby. During the examination, the nurse should be able to elicit which reflex? (See pp. 139 [new],156-158 [old]; Lowdermilk, p. 546) Moro Babinski Stepping Palmar grasp Plantar grasp
Babinski
A six-month-old child received the following play things as a gift from a relative. The nurse should advise the parents that which of the following items is potentially dangerous for the child to play with? (pp. 72, 82 [new], 83, 97 [old]; slides 56, 66 Infant & Toddler PowerPoint) Stuffed animal Balloon Toy cell phone Shape sorter
Balloon
Which of the following developmental markers should the nurse expect to see in caring for an infant who is four months old? (Choose the correct answer.) ( See "Infant Growth & Development Document" in the Course Packet; pp. 80-81; 84 (new), 92-93; 95 (old) in the textbook) Begins to feed self finger foods; sits alone steadily without support. Begins forming words out of previous sounds ("mama"); crawls and creeps. Begins to use consonant sounds; no head lag when pulled to sitting position. Uses pincer grasp to pick up small objects; turns from back to abdomen. Mimics sounds and facial expressions; understands words such as "no" and "cracker."
Begins to use consonant sounds; no head lag when pulled to sitting position.
Breastmilk is preferred over formula because: (pp. 282-283 [new], 314-316 [old]) Breastfed infants gain more weight Breastmilk has more calories Breastmilk contains antibodies Formula is nutritionally inadequate
Breastmilk contains antibodies
The pediatric nurse is performing a developmental screen on a 15-month-old child. This child should typically be able to: (See: "Toddler Developmental Grid" in the Course Packet) Build a 3-block tower. Speak with a vocabulary of 10 words. Throw a ball without falling. Turn the pages of a book.
Build a 3-block tower.
The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. (pp. 388-394 [new], 426-432 [old]) When child abuse is suspected, the nurse's initial assessment should include: Gathering information from many sources to determine how the injury occurred. Talking with the parents only about the injury. Looking for risk factors of abuse to confirm suspicions. Making sure the parents are aware that abuse is suspected.
Gathering information from many sources to determine how the injury occurred.
The nurse is working with an adolescent who will be admitted to the hospital in two days. The appropriate nursing approach to prepare the adolescent for hospitalization is (pp. 226-227; 234 [new], 253; 260 [old]) Have teens who have had similar experiences talk to the adolescent about hospitalization. Provide an opportunity for the child to talk with an adult who has had a similar experience. Teach parents what to expect so the information can be shared with the adolescent. Provide an opportunity for the teen to try on surgical attire.
Have teens who have had similar experiences talk to the adolescent about hospitalization.
The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. (pp. 388-394 [new], 426-432 [old]) Monique's explanation of how the child was injured is: Not really important. Not pertinent information for the nurse to chart. Inconsistent with the injury. The only reason the nurse suspects abuse.
Inconsistent with the injury.
The nurse is aware that the prevalence of chronic health conditions in children is: (pp. 7, 246-248 [new], 9, 274-276 [old]) Decreasing as a result of advances in health care and treatment Increasing as a result of advances in health care and treatment Increasing as a result of increased incidence of childhood injury Decreasing as a result of decreased incidence of childhood injury
Increasing as a result of advances in health care and treatment
A 10-year-old fifth-grader enjoys having his artwork displayed on the family refrigerator. This behavior is indicative of which developmental stage as described by Erikson? (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Initiative versus guilt Intimacy versus isolation Industry versus inferiority Identity versus role confusion
Industry versus inferiority
A child is 5 years old and has been recently admitted into the hospital. According to Erikson, in which of the following stages is this child? (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Trust vs. mistrust Autonomy vs. shame Initiative vs. guilt Intimacy vs. isolation
Initiative vs. guilt
After 6 months of age, which of the following mineral stores becomes depleted in infants? (pp. 283-286 [new], 316-319 [old]) Calcium Phosphorus Fluoride Iron
Iron
The pediatric nurse understands that the infant mortality rate is important because: (pp. 6-8) It demonstrates the benefits of healthy eating in preventing coronary heart disease, boosting the immune system, and helping maintain a healthy lifestyle, in the overall health of a nation or people group. It represents or describes the overall state of health of a country, region, ethnic group, and/or community. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding potential hazards that the infant may encounter during the first year of life. It highlights the importance of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention care strategies to prevent or slow the progression of disease.
It represents or describes the overall state of health of a country, region, ethnic group, and/or community.
For an eight-month-old infant, which toy promotes cognitive development? (pp. 72, 82 [new], 83, 97 [old]) Finger paint Jack-in-the-box A small rubber ball A play gym strung across the crib
Jack-in-the-box
A group of children on one hospital unit are all suffering separation anxiety. When determining the stages of separation anxiety, the nurse recognizes that the child in the "despair" phase is the child who (pp. 224-225 [new], 250-251 [old]) Does not cry if parents return and leave again. Screams and cries when parents leave. Appears to be happy and content with staff. Lies quietly in bed.
Lies quietly in bed.
The mother of a one-month-old infant states that she is curious as to whether her child is developing normally. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse inform the mother that the infant is expected to perform at this age? (See "Infant Growth & Development Document" in the Course Packet; pp. 80-81; 84 (new), 92-93; 95 (old) in the textbook) Rolling from side to back Laughing and squealing Lifting head briefly Holding a rattle placed in hand
Lifting head briefly
An inborn error of metabolism that makes it impossible for the body to use the amino acid valine is: (pp. 893-896 [new], 969-972 [old]) Galactosemia Maple syrup urine disease Phenylketonuria Sickle cell disease
Maple syrup urine disease
Moral development theory differs from cognitive development theory in what way? (pp. 70-73 [new], 80-84 [old]) Cognitive development theory deals with the formation of personality. Moral development theory predicts how a person will react in any situation. Cognitive development theory describes physical changes that take place in stages. Moral development theory characterizes the value system of people and their respect for others.
Moral development theory characterizes the value system of people and their respect for others.
Which of the following features is NOT commonly seen in children with Down syndrome? (pp. 814-815 [new], 885 [old]) Epicanthal folds in the eyes Low muscle tone Muscle spasticity Flattened mid-face Low-set ears
Muscle spasticity
start of quiz 4:An infant weighed 2.9 kg (6.4 lbs) at birth. Now, at her 6-month well-child checkup, she weighs 5.8 kg (12.75 lbs). How should you describe her weight gain? (Choose the one best answer.) (p. 79 [new], 91 [old]) Normal for age Small for age Large for age Excessive for age
Normal for age explanation: The infant normally doubles the birth weight at 6 months
A 28-month old child, 30-month old child, and 33-month old child are playing with blocks, dolls, and musical instruments in the hospital playroom. Closer observation reveals they are playing alongside one another, rather than interacting with each other. The nurse is observing: (p. 86 [new], 96 [old]) Solitary play Parallel play Associative play Cooperative play
Parallel play
A 2-year-old is hospitalized with a fractured femur. In addition to pain medication, which of the following will best provide pain relief for this child? (p. 326 [new], 362 [old]) Parents' presence at the bedside. Age-appropriate toys. Deep-breathing exercises. Videos for the child to watch.
Parents' presence at the bedside.
Which of the following statements concerning Down syndrome is FALSE? (pp. 48-49, 59, 110. 814-815 [new], 885 [old]) Down syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21, which is the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21 People with Down syndrome have profound intellectual disability and cannot function meaningfully in society Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality Children with Down syndrome are at higher risk for congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal abnormalities, and hearing loss
People with Down syndrome have profound intellectual disability and cannot function meaningfully in society
Which of the following hereditary disorders is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance? (pp. 52-55 [new], 59; 61 [old]) Cleft lip Marfan syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria
A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that the child is in which stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development? (pp. 72-73 [new], 83-84 [old]) Preconventional Moral Reasoning Conventional Reasoning Postconventional Moral Reasoning Universal Principles Moral Reasoning
Preconventional Moral Reasoning
According to Piaget, the second stage of cognitive development that is characterized by the increased use of symbols and prelogic thought processes. When Piaget uses the word "operational", "operations", etc., he refers to logical, mental activities. (pp. 70-72 [new], 80-83 [old]) Which Piaget stage? Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational
Preoperational
The nurse is working with a hospitalized preschool-age child. The nurse is planning activities to reduce anxiety in this child. The most appropriate action by the nurse is to (pp. 225-226 [new], 265-268 [old]) Provide the child with a doll and safe medical equipment. Read a story to the child. Use an anatomically correct doll to teach the child about the illness. Talk to the child about the hospitalization.
Provide the child with a doll and safe medical equipment.
Which role would the pediatric nurse be serving when reading and analyzing new research findings and applying those findings to practice? (pp. 2-4) Advocate. Case manager. Educator. Researcher.
Researcher.
The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. (pp. 388-394 [new], 426-432 [old]) The nurse documents: Patient is a victim of child abuse. Abuse suspected by the mother. The location, shape, color and size of the burn Patient brought in due to accidental causes.
The location, shape, color and size of the burn
The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with: (pp. 70-71 [new], 80 [old]) Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Identity vs. Role Confusion
Trust vs. Mistrust
Which of the following are examples of primary prevention activities or strategies? (pp. 145-146, 151-152 [new],163-164; 170-171 [old]) Using medication to treat conditions such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, screening for sexually transmitted infections or utilizing nicotine patches to reduce smoking frequency For a child with juvenile arthritis, doing exercises, participating in physical therapy, and taking medication to control inflammation and pain Vaccination, behavioral counseling for smoking cessation, physical activity, and nutrition For a child with a disabling injury, intensive, long-term physical therapy to regain use of limbs or develop alternate means for independent functioning
Vaccination, behavioral counseling for smoking cessation, physical activity, and nutrition
An intramuscular injection has been prescribed for an 8-month-old child. The pediatric nurse determines which of the following anatomic sites as most appropriate for this child? (Slide # 114-117, Lecture PowerPoint) Deltoid Dorsogluteal Vastus lateralis Ventrogluteal
Vastus lateralis
At 30 months of age, the toddler should be expected to: (Refer to Toddler Developmental Grid) Copy a circle. Ride a tricycle. Walk on tiptoes. Walk up and down stairs.
Walk on tiptoes.
When taking the health history of a suspected victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the nurse or other healthcare professional should pay close attention to: (pp. 393-394 [new], 432 [old]) The gender of the child Whether the perpetrator is always present when the child has symptoms Whether the mother is single Whether the child victim has any siblings
Whether the perpetrator is always present when the child has symptoms
What types of disorders are abnormalities that result from an abnormal sex chromosome? (pp. 53-54 [new], 60 [old]) Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive Multifactorial X-linked
X-linked
A 4-year-old is seen in the clinic for a sore throat. In the child's mind, the most likely causative agent is that the child (pp. 70, 89, 223 [new], 83, 101, 252 [old]) Was exposed to someone else with a sore throat. Did not eat the right foods. Yelled at his brother. Did not take his vitamins.
Yelled at his brother.
A first-time mother asks you about the reasons for breastfeeding. You should state that: (pp. 157, 169; 282-283 [new], 178, 190; 315-316 [old]) breastfed infants do not have SIDS. breast milk hinders maturation of the GI tract. breastfed infants have a high incidence of allergies. breast milk contains antibodies that can protect against infections.
breast milk contains antibodies that can protect against infections.
A client and her husband are positive for the sickle cell trait. The client asks the nurse about chances of her children having sickle cell disease. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? (pp. 52-53 [new], 58-59 [old]) one of her children will have sickle cell disease only the male children will be affected each pregnancy carries a 25% chance of the child being affected if she had four children, one of them would have the disease
each pregnancy carries a 25% chance of the child being affected