5.2 Imperialism and Nation state formation
European states, as well as the Americans and the Japanese
- established empires throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. - British - Dutch - French - German - Russian
The development and spread of nationalism as an ideology fostered new communal identities
Filipino nationalism Common identity emerged in the PI In responce to American occupation of the PI.
The Boxer Rebellion in China
- 1898-1900, after foreigners had been granted special rights in China - Anti-foreigner and anti Christian - Put down with help of foreign imperial troops
Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to establish empires in Africa.
- Berlin Conference - Britian in Sudan
Only the Settler (White) colonies were granted some independence
- Canada 1867 - Austrailia 1901 - New Zealand 1907 - South Africa 1909 In addition, the US moved slowly forward with Philipean Independence.
Imperialism and Nation-State Formation
- Industrialising powers established transoceanic empires - States with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies.
Reason of Imperialism
- Raw Materials for Production - Markets for their Manufactured Products - Prestige (National Pride) - Military Power (Over other European Nation States - To "Civilize" the Natives
Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.
British and Russian empires created Afghanistan in 1895 as a buffer state between their two empires
In other parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism. .
Economics Imperialism: Domination of a foreign state through economic power, not the military.
Increasing discontent with imperial rule propelled reformist and revolutionary movements.
Indian Natinoal Congress forms in 1885 to ask for greater role for Indians in British India Mostly upper middle class membership (not the nobility)
Some of the rebellions were influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism.
Millenarianism-- belief in a blessed future The leader of hte Taiping Rebellion in 1830s (Hong) attempts to build a "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace"
New states developed on the edges of existing empires
Siam--the King of Thailand negotiates with the UK and the French to remain an independant buffer between their two empires. Siam must give up territory to remain free.
New racial ideologies
Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.
In other parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism. .
The British and French expanding their influence in China through the Opium Wars
In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies
The British in southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand The French in Algeria.
Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anti-colonial movements.
The Indian Revolt of 1857 - British Indian Army Troops mutinied. - Rallied to the last Moghul Emperor. - The British killed them all - Sent the Emperor to die in exile in Burma
Britian and the US invest heavily in Latin America
The US dominates Latin Am. through economic power and military bullying
Anti-imperial resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire
The establishment of independent states in the Balkans Semi-independence in Egypt, French and Italian colonies in North Africa Later British influence in Egypt.
The United States and Russia emulated European transoceanic imperialism
expanding their land borders and conquering neighboring territories.
Responses to increasingly frequent rebellions
led to reforms in imperial policies
The expansion of U.S. and European influence over Tokugawa Japan
led to the emergence of Meiji Japan