8,9,10 test
Which of the following molecules are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Is a regulartory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in a pathway
Feedback inhibition
In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate level phosphorylation
In both glycolysis and citric acid cycle
Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain Is true
It consists of a series of redox reactions
Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved
It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
In photosynthetic cells synthesis of ATP of Chemiosmosis occurs during
Photosynthesis and respiration
Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plants
Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light.
Which of the following events takes place an electron transport chain
The harnessing of energy from high energy electrons driven from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Which of the following molecules is most similar to the structure of ATP
an RNA nucleotide
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule
Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy containing products
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration
30-32
What are the products of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis
ATP and NADPH
Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism
ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between auto troughs and heterotrophs
Auto troughs but not heterotrophs can nurse themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are in organic
Which of the following statements describes a key component of the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis
Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.
Why might the alternative pathways of photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems be described as metabolic compromises?
Both pathways minimize photorespiration but also expend more ATP during carbon fixation.
A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds what is likely to happen when an athlete exhaust his or her ATP supply
Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS in the mid-1990s researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called processes once the enzyme structure was known researchers began looking for drugs that would fit into the active site and block it at the strategy for stopping HIV infection so successful it would be an example of what phenomenon
Competitive inhibition
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP plus PI to ATP
Energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase down the electrochemical gradient
Which of the following statements about enzyme function is true
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.
The relationship between Catabolism and anabolism is similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs and terms
Exergonic; endergonic
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis
H2O --> NADPH --> Calvin cycle
Which of the following is a primary function of the active site of an enzyme
It catalyzes the reaction associated with the enzyme.
When chemical transport or mechanical work is done by an organism what happens to the heat generated
It is lost to the environment.
What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers
It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.
Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that is oxidized in a red ox or oxidation reduction reaction
It loses electrons and loses potential
When ATP release some energy it also releases inorganic phosphate what happened to the inorganic phosphate in a cell
It may be used to form a phosphorylation intermediate
A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen laws seven KG of body fat in just two weeks what is most likely way that the lost fat left the body
It was released as CO2 and H2O
Which of the following statements is true of metabolism and it's entirety in all organisms?
Metabolism consist of all energy transformation reactions in an organism
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located
Mitochondrial cristae
How does non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme catalyzed readtion
My binding to an allosteric site, those changing the shape of the active site of the Enzyme
Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true
NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.
NADH
Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?
NADH and FADH2
The reducing power for a Calvin cycle reactions is provided by which of the following molecules
NADPH
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.
What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen add him as a result of an oxidation reduction reaction
The glucose molecule is oxidize
Which of the following statements is true for all exergonic reactions
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
Which of the following aspect of enzyme structure is best described by class being handshake analogy
The specific manner in which an enzyme binds substrate
Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways it's true
They Consume energy to build up polymers and monomers
What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes
They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll.
Which of the following statements describes a common characteristic of catabolic pathways
They are exergonic and provide energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.
Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered a high energy food
They contain many electrons associated with hydrogen Atoms
Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?
They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy.
Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments
This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths.
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
What is the name of a thermodynamic barrier that must be overcome before products are formed in a spontaneous reaction
activation energy
Which of the following events accompanies absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction center complex
an electron is excited
The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of
an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction
Which of the following terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
catabolism (catabolic pathways)
During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released
citric acid cycle
Which of the following conditions may be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction with a fixed amount of enzyme
competitive inhibition
Which of the following sequences describes a path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration
glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen is present
glycolysis
An organism is discovered that thrives both in the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism
is a facultative anaerobe
In addition to activating or inhibiting enzymes through allosteric regulation, what other means does a cell use to control enzymatic activity?
localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes
Water is one of the end products of aerobic respiration what is the source of the oxygen atom used in formation of the water
molecular oxygen (O2)
Carbon dioxide is split to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds in which of the following metabolic pathways
neither photosynthesis nor respiration
Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration
oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis
oxidative phosphorylation
The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes
splitting water molecules
Where in a plant cell does a Calvin Cycle take place
stroma of the chloroplast
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures