8,9,10 test

Which of the following molecules are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Is a regulartory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in a pathway

Feedback inhibition

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate level phosphorylation

In both glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain Is true

It consists of a series of redox reactions

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved

It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

In photosynthetic cells synthesis of ATP of Chemiosmosis occurs during

Photosynthesis and respiration

Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plants

Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light.

Which of the following events takes place an electron transport chain

The harnessing of energy from high energy electrons driven from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following molecules is most similar to the structure of ATP

an RNA nucleotide

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule

Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy containing products

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration

30-32

What are the products of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism

ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between auto troughs and heterotrophs

Auto troughs but not heterotrophs can nurse themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are in organic

Which of the following statements describes a key component of the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis

Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.

Why might the alternative pathways of photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems be described as metabolic compromises?

Both pathways minimize photorespiration but also expend more ATP during carbon fixation.

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds what is likely to happen when an athlete exhaust his or her ATP supply

Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP

HIV is a virus that causes AIDS in the mid-1990s researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called processes once the enzyme structure was known researchers began looking for drugs that would fit into the active site and block it at the strategy for stopping HIV infection so successful it would be an example of what phenomenon

Competitive inhibition

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP plus PI to ATP

Energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase down the electrochemical gradient

Which of the following statements about enzyme function is true

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers.

The relationship between Catabolism and anabolism is similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs and terms

Exergonic; endergonic

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis

H2O --> NADPH --> Calvin cycle

Which of the following is a primary function of the active site of an enzyme

It catalyzes the reaction associated with the enzyme.

When chemical transport or mechanical work is done by an organism what happens to the heat generated

It is lost to the environment.

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers

It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.

Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that is oxidized in a red ox or oxidation reduction reaction

It loses electrons and loses potential

When ATP release some energy it also releases inorganic phosphate what happened to the inorganic phosphate in a cell

It may be used to form a phosphorylation intermediate

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen laws seven KG of body fat in just two weeks what is most likely way that the lost fat left the body

It was released as CO2 and H2O

Which of the following statements is true of metabolism and it's entirety in all organisms?

Metabolism consist of all energy transformation reactions in an organism

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located

Mitochondrial cristae

How does non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme catalyzed readtion

My binding to an allosteric site, those changing the shape of the active site of the Enzyme

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.

NADH

Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?

NADH and FADH2

The reducing power for a Calvin cycle reactions is provided by which of the following molecules

NADPH

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.

What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen add him as a result of an oxidation reduction reaction

The glucose molecule is oxidize

Which of the following statements is true for all exergonic reactions

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.

Which of the following aspect of enzyme structure is best described by class being handshake analogy

The specific manner in which an enzyme binds substrate

Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways it's true

They Consume energy to build up polymers and monomers

What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes

They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll.

Which of the following statements describes a common characteristic of catabolic pathways

They are exergonic and provide energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered a high energy food

They contain many electrons associated with hydrogen Atoms

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy.

Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments

This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths.

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

What is the name of a thermodynamic barrier that must be overcome before products are formed in a spontaneous reaction

activation energy

Which of the following events accompanies absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction center complex

an electron is excited

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction

Which of the following terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

catabolism (catabolic pathways)

During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released

citric acid cycle

Which of the following conditions may be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction with a fixed amount of enzyme

competitive inhibition

Which of the following sequences describes a path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration

glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen is present

glycolysis

An organism is discovered that thrives both in the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

is a facultative anaerobe

In addition to activating or inhibiting enzymes through allosteric regulation, what other means does a cell use to control enzymatic activity?

localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes

Water is one of the end products of aerobic respiration what is the source of the oxygen atom used in formation of the water

molecular oxygen (O2)

Carbon dioxide is split to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds in which of the following metabolic pathways

neither photosynthesis nor respiration

Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration

oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis

oxidative phosphorylation

The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes

splitting water molecules

Where in a plant cell does a Calvin Cycle take place

stroma of the chloroplast

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures