8th Grade Science L to J

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

CHROMOSOME

structure found in the nucleus that carries the genetic information for an organism

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

system of glands that make hormones to regulate the body

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

system that allows movement of an organism

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

system that allows the production of offspring

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

system that breaks down food into energy for the body

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

system that brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

system that is the natural outer covering of an organism

IMMUNE SYSTEM

system that protects the body against infection

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

system that provides a flow of nutrients throughout the body

NERVOUS SYSTEM

system that regulates the body's response to stimuli

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

system that removes excess, unneeded, or dangerous materials from the body

SKELETAL SYSTEM

system that supports and protects the body

ENERGY

the ability to do work (e.g. light, heat, sound)

HUMIDITY

the amount of water vapor in the air

REFRACTION

the bending of the path of light when it passes from one medium into another

ECLIPSE

the blocking of the light from one astronomical object by another

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

the force of attraction between all masses in the universe

AIR PRESSURE

the force of the weight of air pushing on a surface

CORE

the innermost layer of Earth, located beneath the mantle

MANTLE

the layer of rock between Earth's crust and core

REVOLUTION

the motion of one body around another, like Earth's orbit around the Sun

REPEATED TRIALS

the number of times procedures are repeated, usually 3-5, during a scientific experiment in order to achieve a more accurate result

PHASE

the portion of a moon or planet that is illuminated

CONVERGENCE

the process of moving closer together

DIVERGENCE

the process of moving farther apart

ROTATION

the spinning of a body, like Earth, on its axis

CRUST

the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth, above the mantle

ABSORPTION

the transfer of light energy into an object through which it is passing

DEPENDENT VARIABLE (RESPONDING)

the variable, within a scientific experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable of the experiment

CONTROLLED VARIABLES

the variables in an experiment which are held constant to test the effect of the independent variable upon the dependent variable

BALANCED FORCES

two equal forces that act upon an object in opposite directions

EVAPORATION

vaporization of a liquid that occurs only on the surface of the liquid

MAGNETIC FIELD

a region where a magnetic force can be detected

MUTUALISM

a relationship between organisms where both benefit

RENEWABLE

a resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is consumed

NONRENEWABLE

a resource that is consumed much faster than the resource can be formed

PREDICTION

a statement about what may happen in the future based on prior experience or knowledge

GRADUATED CYLINDER

a tall, narrow container with a volume scale used to measure liquids

HYPOTHESIS

a testable statement about the natural world that can be used to develop inferences and explanations

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (MANIPULATED)

a variable that is changed by the person conducting the experiment and not changed by other variables in the experiment

SCIENTIFIC CRITIQUE

an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of a scientific investigation

PERIODIC TABLE

an arrangement tool of the known elements organized by properties

AXIS

an imaginary straight line running through Earth from pole to pole

PRECIPITATION

any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail

BIOTIC

any living part of the environment that affect organisms

ORGANISM

any living thing

ABIOTIC

any nonliving part of the environment that affect organisms

FOSSIL

any remains, impressions, or traces of a living thing found in Earth of a former geologic age

CELL

basic unit of life found in all living things

CONDENSATION

change in the physical state of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase

DEPOSITION

change in the physical state of matter from the gas phase to the solid phase without passing through the liquid phase

SUBLIMATION

change in the physical state of matter from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

characteristics of a substance that determines how it interacts with other substances

QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION

characteristics of objects or events which can be measured using numeric values

QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION

characteristics of objects or events, other than actual numerical measurements

FOOD WEB

complex interactions of food chains that interact in an ecosystem

EXTINCTION

end of an organism or group of organisms

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

energy can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical and physical changes

RECESSIVE

form of a gene that is masked by the presence of another gene

POPULATION

group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area

CARRYING CAPACITY

largest number of individuals of a species that a particular environment can support

SCATTERING

light reflected in all directions by a rough surface

CONSERVATION OF MATTER

matter can neither be created nor destroyed in physical and chemical changes

SURVIVAL RATE

number of individuals alive after a given period

DOMINANT

one form of a gene that masks the presence of another gene

PREDATOR

organism that captures and feeds on another organism

PREY

organism that is captured and fed upon by another organism

HEREDITY

passing of traits from one generation to another

CELL GROWTH

process by a which a cell increases its size

CELL DIVISION

process by which a cell splits into two new cells

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

process by which a single organism can reproduce by itself

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

process by which organisms use light energy to make food energy

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

process by which sex cells from two organisms join to create a new organism

CONSTANT SPEED

rate of motion where the same amount of distance is traveled in the same amount of time (speed = distance / time)

RESPONSE

reaction of an organism to a stimulus

ANATOMICAL

relating to the structure of the body

COMMENSALISM

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

PARASITISM

relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other is harmed

METAMORPHIC

rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes

SEDIMENTARY

rock that forms from the weathering and erosion of other rocks (these sediments are deposited, compacted, and cemented)

IGNEOUS

rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

STIMULUS

signal to which an organism responds

GENE

small part of a chromosome that determines a specific trait

COMPOUND

a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

PHASE CHANGE

a change in state of matter (e.g. solid to liquid, liquid to gas)

RUSTING

a chemical change in which a metal reacts with oxygen to form a different compound

BURNING

a chemical change in which the substance is decomposed and releases heat

SYMBIOSIS

a close, long-term interaction between species

INFERENCE

a conclusion drawn from evidence or reasoning

CONCLUSION

a decision made after considering relevant facts and evidence

LAW

a descriptive generalization about how some aspect of the natural world behaves under stated circumstances

SPECIES

a group of organisms that is capable of reproducing similar organisms

ORGAN SYSTEM

a group of organs that work together, within an organism, to carry out a specific function

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

a group of subjects which receive the factor under study

CONTROL GROUP

a group of subjects, closely resembling the experimental group but not receiving the factor under study, which serves as a comparison to the experimental group

ORGAN

a group of tissues that work together to carry out a specific function

JET STREAM

a high speed wind current

AIR MASS

a large body of air with similar temperature and moisture throughout

DISSOLVING

a physical change in which particles of a substance are separated by water particles

ELEMENT

a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means


Ensembles d'études connexes

Taxes, Retirement, and Other Insurance Concepts

View Set

Review Sheet: The Language of Anatomy

View Set

ch 6: management social responsibility and ethics

View Set

Chapt. 29: DEVELOPMENT, INHERITANCE, AND HOMEOSTASIS

View Set