9th World History - Unit 1 Test

Napoleonic Code

A comprehensive law code established by Napoleon

Peninsular War

A conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish Rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleons French troops out of Spain. So called because Spain lies on the Iberian Peninsula. Napoleon lost up to 300,000 men

Lycée

A government run public school

Alexander I

Czar of Russia from 1801 to 1825; refused to stop trading with British after Napoleon's Continental System; employed the scorched-earth policy while retreating from Napoleon in Russia

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French government, crowned himself emperor in 1804. Waged war across Europe in his quest for an empire. Failed to defeat Great Britain and was exiled in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. He was one of the greatest military leaders in the history of the world.

Metternich's Three goals of the Congress of Vienna

1) surround France with strong countries to prevent future French aggression 2) restore the balance of power 3) restore Europe's royal families to their thrones

Concert of Europe

A series of alliances devised by Metternich, ensuring that nations would help one another if revolutions broke out.

Battle of Waterloo

A small village in Belgium where Napoleon's final battle took place against the Duke of Wellington (British and Prussian forces) in 1815

Battle of Austerlitz

An 1805 battle between Austria+Russia and France; the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II; Napoleon gave a famous proclamation afterwards

Holy Alliance

An agreement signed in late 1815 by Czar Alexander I, Emperor Francis I of Austria, and King Frederick William III of Prussia, pledging that they would base their relations with other nations off of Christian principles to combat the forces of revolution

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat and exile of Napoleon. RAPE was key (1814-1815)

Guerrillas

Small bands of Spanish peasants that struck French armies randomly while Napoleon campaigned through Spain.

Klemens von Metternich

The Foreign Minister of Austria; a conservative, he had the most influence at the Congress of Vienna

Hundred Days

The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming Emperor of France

Blockade

The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region

Concordat

a formal agreement - especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs

Balance of Power

a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others; in Europe's case, French power was diminished and other European countries gained power. This way, no country could easily overpower another.

Coup d'état

a sudden seizure of political power in a nation

Plebiscite

a vote of the people

Duke of Wellington

leader of the combined British and Prussian army; would defeat Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815

Legitimacy

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule

Battle of Trafalgar

the only major battle that Napoleon lost; an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet commanded by Horatio Nelson

Scorched-earth policy

the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land. Alexander I employed this strategy to buy his armies time to retreat