a and p

Rickets can be caused by a deficiency of __________.

vitamin D

Select the hormone that lowers blood calcium levels when administered at high pharmacological doses.

Calcitonin

In a car accident, the injuries to the driver include a fractured femur. Part of the broken end of the diaphysis of the femur is visibly penetrating through the skin in the thigh area. Which of the following properly classifies this fracture?

Displaced, complete, open (compound)

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?

Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced.

Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: Activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site.

Fibrocartilage callus

Select the correct sequence of fracture repair steps.

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Which of the following statements is true?

Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability. Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density.

Osteoblasts release which of the following?

Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase

Determine the scenario that reduces the mass of a long bone.

Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity.

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption?

Paget's disease

Which of the following bone disorders is not treatable with increased calcium and vitamin D?

Paget's disease

The hormonal control of bone remodeling primarily involves which of the following?

Parathyroid hormone

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

Rickets

During a football game, a player fractures his leg bone when his foot plants into the turf, but several opposing players continue to push him forward. The doctor explains that the diagonal break across the bone was due to intense twisting forces. Select the type of fracture involved in this example.

Spiral

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests that she take all of the following courses of action except?

Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormone

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a _________

comminuted fracture

Bone is broken down by __________.

osteoclasts

A bone disorder that affects adults and has symptoms that are similar to rickets is called __________.

osteomalacia

Osteoporosis occurs most often in ____________________.

postmenopausal women