A&P 2 Chapter 17

Place the events that describe the regulation of the release of cortisol order.

1. CRH 2. ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol

Place the following events in the order that describe TH regulation. Start with the earliest event.

1. TRH 2. TSH 3. TH

Match the letter of each organ in the picture with the hormone it produces.

A. ADH B. T4 C. ANDROGEN D. INSULIN

The hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce corticosteroids is ______.

ACTH

Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

ADH oxytocin

Which of the following is an example of hormone release in response to a humoral stimulus?

After eating a candy bar your pancreas releases insulin.

If blood glucose levels are high, what type of cells of the pancreatic islets produce the needed insulin?

Beta

Most hormones are transported in the _______ to the target cells

Blood

The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland synthesize and release ______.

Calcitonin

If a rat is hypophysectomized (the pituitary gland is removed), cortisol levels will

Decrease

If a target cell is becoming overstimulated by a particular hormone, in general, it will ______ the number of receptors it has for that particular hormone in order to maintain homeostasis.

Decrease

True or: lipid soluble hormones are easily dissolved in travel freely in the blood.

False, lipids are the hormones do not dissolve in blood and thirst require a carrier protein.

When the hypothalamus releases ______, the anterior pituitary then releases growth hormone.

GHRH

A lipid-soluble hormone binds to its intracellular receptor and then binds to a portion of DNA called a ______ element (HRE).

Hormone-Response Element

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are hormone classes of the ______.

Hypothalamus

The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ______.

Hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus through a thin stalk called the ______.

Infundibulum

The endocrine system works closely with the ________ systems to bring about homeostasis in the body.

Nervous

The nervous system affect target organs through the release of chemicals called Neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitter or Neurotransmitter

Water-soluble hormones bind to the target cell receptors found __________.

On the surface of the plasma membrane

The endocrine system has many functions in the human body, including which of the following?

Regulating blood composition, controlling metabolism, and overseeing reproductive functions

The endocrine system has many functions including ________ .

Regulating blood ion concentration Maintaining blood volume Controlling movement of food through the digestive track

GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels ______.

Rise

The pituitary gland is located within the sella turcica of the _______ bone.

Sphenoid

Triiodothyronine is also known as ______.

T3

In order to stimulate the thyroid gland, there has to be a release of ______ from the hypothalamus.

TRH

Which hormone directly causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone?

TSH

The anterior pituitary gland secretes ______ to stimulate the follicular cells of the thyroid gland to release ______.

TSH and TH

True or false: A target cell may have receptors for more than one type of hormone.

True

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in response to which of the following stimuli?

a decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood low body temperature

How are most hormones transported once they are released from an endocrine gland?

blood

A single target cell of a hormone ______.

can display differing numbers of receptors for the same hormone

Steroid hormones are a type of lipid derived from ____.

cholesterol

If a target cell is becoming overstimulated by a particular hormone, in general, it will ______ the number of receptors it has for that particular hormone in order to maintain homeostasis.

decrease

Insulin ______ the level of all nutrient molecules within the blood.

decreases

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream.

degradation by enzymes excretion by the kidneys

True or false: All cells require insulin for glucose uptake.

false

Insulin promotes ______.

glycogenesis

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ______.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Target cells of a hormone are cells that ______.

have receptors for hormone

A lipid-soluble hormone binds to its intracellular receptor and then binds to a portion of DNA called a _______ element (HRE).

hormone-response

The endocrine system releases chemical messengers called ______ into the bloodstream.

hormones

The regulatory hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland arrive from the hypothalamus by way of the ______.

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Insulin has which of the following effects on cells?

increased uptake of glucose by most cells increased glycogenesis by liver cells increased lipogenesis in adipose cells

Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?

leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes

Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins, which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered ________ hormones.

local or autocrine

Calcitonin ______ blood calcium levels.

lowers

The part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of a sympathetic nervous system response to an emergency is the adrenal

medulla

The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ______ sensitive it is to that hormone.

more or increase

The thyroid gland is located in the ______.

neck

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?

neural, hormonal, humoral

permissive

one hormone allows another to function

If you remove the stomach you will find the ______ posterior to it.

pancreas

Which of the following glands is not controlled by the hypothalamus?

parathyroid gland

Sometimes called the "Master Control Gland", the _______ gland oversees most of the endocrine activity in the body.

pituitary or hypothalamus

What are the two factors that affect the concentration of a circulating hormone?

synthesis and elimination

What are two factors that affect the concentration of a circulating hormone?

synthesis and elimination

Cells with receptors for a particular hormone are called ______ cells for that hormone.

target or receptor

Which of the following is classified as a steroid hormone?

testosterone

Which endocrine organ is found in the thoracic cavity?

thymus

TRH travels through the portal system from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland causing the release of ______.

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

The full name of the hormone T4 is

thyroxine

antagonistic

two hormones work in opposition to one another

synergistic

two hormones work together