A&P 2 Unit 11 Lecture

Following ovulation, a human egg cell can survive approximately

24 hours

How many mature, functional follicles will a female produce in a lifetime?

400

The initiation of puberty and menses in a female, involves increased levels of _____

FSH and LH

An increase in the hormone FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation

False

As a group, the structures of the female reproductive system that surrounds the openings to the urethra and vagina comprise the mons pubis

False

Cleavage is an early process of division that causes an increase in the size of the embryo

False

Female athletes usually experience menstrual cycles with excessive loss of blood

False

For most women who decide to breast feed, it will be easier to become pregnant during the first month after delivery than it will be one year later

False

If the parent genotypes are both Aa and Aa, the only possible genotype for the offspring is Aa

False

In a fetus, the umbilical arteries arise from the renal arteries

False

Spermicidal foams and creams are an effective means of contraception

False

The adolescent period begins at the end of the first year and is completed at puberty

False

The amount of testosterone produced is regulated by a positive feedback system

False

The embryonic membrane that functions to form blood cells and gives rise to cells destined to become sex cells is the chorion

False

The neonatal period of development extends from birth to the end of one year

False

The primary function of surfactant is to increase surface tension within the newborns lungs

False

The total number of chromosomes found in a human zygote is 23

False

The vagina is anterior to the bladder and posterior to the rectum

False

The vas deferens connects to the urethra at the base of the penis

False

A person with type A blood could have the genotype

IAIA or IAIO

An egg cell with XX chromosomes is fertilized by a Y-bearing sperm and results in an individual with _____, which is characterized

Klinefelter's syndrome; tall stature, feminine musculature, and partial developmental of the breasts

The amount of testosterone in the blood is increased by

LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone

A colorblind male always receives the colorblind gene from his mother

True

A vasectomy is the male equivalent of tubal ligation regarding efficiency of contraception

True

An ovary is held in position by the broad ligament, suspensory ligament, and ovarian ligament

True

Hysterectomy involves removal of the uterus and uterine tubes, therapeutically

True

If a Y bearing sperm fertilizes a normal egg, the zygote should exhibit the male genotype

True

In an adult heart, the previous location of the foramen ovale is marked by a depression called the fossa ovalis

True

In females, egg cell production begins before birth

True

The epididymis is a coiled tubule on the surface of the testes that stores sperm cells

True

The first female menstrual cycle is called menarche

True

The movement of an egg down a uterine tube is aided by ciliary action

True

The outer layer of an ovary is similar to the tunica albuginea, outer testis layer

True

The particular combination of genes present within a zygote constitutes its genotype

True

The period of development during which the contents of a zygote are divided into smaller and smaller cells is cleavage

True

The process of growing old is called senescence

True

Within a set of human chromosomes, 22 pairs are called autosomes

True

The placental membrane is composed of

a double layer of epithelial cells

Egg cells are transported in the female reproductive tract by _____ whereas sperm are transported in the male reproductive tract by the ____

action of ciliated epithelium in the uterine tubes; movements of their tails

If the parent genotypes are AA and aa, the offspring are expected to be

all Aa

As a rule, during adulthood

all of the above

Some possible causes of aging are the

all of the above

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include

all of the above

Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined?

all of the above

Down syndrome is caused by

an extra #21 chromosome

Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and

anterior pituitary gland and testes

Which of the following is not a characteristic of childhood?

becoming reproductively functional

The _______ is the early pre-embryonic stage that implants in the uterine lining

blastocyst

A bastomere is a ______ and a blastocyst is ________

cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells

A Pap smear is used to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the

cervix

The tubular portion of the uterus that extends downward into the upper part of the vagina is the

cervix

Which sexually transmitted disease is also associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in females?

chlamydia infection

Which structure is formed following ovulation?

corpus luteum

Which of the following terms is correctly defined?

cryptorchidism is the failure of testes to descend into scrotum

Women athletes sometimes experience disturbances in their menstrual cycles because of

decreased synthesis of estrogens

Within the female ovary, primordial follicles begin their development

during prenatal development

Which of the following provides the main source of energy for a newborn during its first few days?

fat

What does an ovulated oocyte first come into contact with?

fimbriae

The yolk sac functions to

form blood cells in early development

The superior region of the vagina is the ______

fornix

Incomplete dominance is defined as

gene pairs occurring in two forms that are expressed differently and neither is dominant to the other

A number of hormonal secretions begin or increase during puberty. Which hormone appears to initiate the process of puberty?

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

What is the term for the primary human sex organs?

gonads

The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosusis relatively

high in oxygen and nutrients

When the alleles of a gene pair are identical they are said to be

homozygous

The detection of the hormone __________ is the basis of most pregnancy tests

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

What is the source of the male androgen testosterone?

interstitial cells

Ovulation appears to be triggered by a midcycle surge in

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The placenta is composed of tissues from the

mother and embryo

The largest component of the uterus by weight is the ______

myometrium

Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism that causes an erection?

none of the above

Which of the following is (are) the most reliable form of contraception?

oral contraceptives

An ectopic pregnancy occurs wen an embryo begins development

outside the uterus

The hormone mainly responsible for maintaining the uterine wall during the last 5-6 months of pregnancy are

placental estrogen and progesterone

The major hormonal changes that occur in the maternal body during pregnancy are

placental tissues secrete high amounts of estrogen and progesterone

What is the purpose of polar bodies during oogenesis?

polar bodies serve both as a dumping ground for extra sets of chromosomes and ensure that the ovum will have most of the cytoplasm

A gene is defined as a

portion of a DNA molecule that contains the information for producing one kind of protein molecule

Which gland lies at the inferior base of the urinary bladder?

prostate

Which male accessory gland lies inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra like a donut?

prostate

Which of the following structures are unpaired?

prostate gland

The ductus areteriosus allows fetal blood to nerve from the

pulmonary trunk into the aorta

A gene that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is called

recessive

If the testes fail to descend, a male is infertile because sperm cell formation is prevented by

relatively high internal body temperature

The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the

right atrium to the left atrium

During ovulation, a(n) ______ is released from the ovary

secondary oocyte

Males have a number of internal accessory organs. Which one(s) is/are responsible for secreting fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins?

seminal vesicles

The last fluid to be expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the

seminal vesicles

The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain

synthetic estrogen and progesterone

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

testosterone

Which layer of the uterus is shed once monthly during menstruation?

the endometrium

The term newborn refers to the period from birth through _____, whereas the term infant refers to the period from ____

the first four weeks; the first month to 1 year

Which oft he following is true in regard to determination of the gender of a baby?

the sex chromosome in the sperm determines the gender of the baby

Which of the following is true regarding egg cells?

they always contains an X chromosome

The epididymis is a ____ and it functions to ____

tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; store immature sperm as they mature

Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its periods of rapid growth and development are called teratogens

true

Choosing from the following list, the most effective means of preventing conception

tubual ligation

Which of the following combinations would be needed to cause the development of dizygotic twins?

two egg cells and two sperm cells

In females, what structure is located immediately anterior to the vagina?

urethra

Fertilization normally occurs in the

uterine (Fallopian) tube

Specifically, where are sperm cells formed within the testes?

within the seminiferous tubules