A&P 2 Unit 11 Lecture
Following ovulation, a human egg cell can survive approximately
24 hours
How many mature, functional follicles will a female produce in a lifetime?
400
The initiation of puberty and menses in a female, involves increased levels of _____
FSH and LH
An increase in the hormone FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation
False
As a group, the structures of the female reproductive system that surrounds the openings to the urethra and vagina comprise the mons pubis
False
Cleavage is an early process of division that causes an increase in the size of the embryo
False
Female athletes usually experience menstrual cycles with excessive loss of blood
False
For most women who decide to breast feed, it will be easier to become pregnant during the first month after delivery than it will be one year later
False
If the parent genotypes are both Aa and Aa, the only possible genotype for the offspring is Aa
False
In a fetus, the umbilical arteries arise from the renal arteries
False
Spermicidal foams and creams are an effective means of contraception
False
The adolescent period begins at the end of the first year and is completed at puberty
False
The amount of testosterone produced is regulated by a positive feedback system
False
The embryonic membrane that functions to form blood cells and gives rise to cells destined to become sex cells is the chorion
False
The neonatal period of development extends from birth to the end of one year
False
The primary function of surfactant is to increase surface tension within the newborns lungs
False
The total number of chromosomes found in a human zygote is 23
False
The vagina is anterior to the bladder and posterior to the rectum
False
The vas deferens connects to the urethra at the base of the penis
False
A person with type A blood could have the genotype
IAIA or IAIO
An egg cell with XX chromosomes is fertilized by a Y-bearing sperm and results in an individual with _____, which is characterized
Klinefelter's syndrome; tall stature, feminine musculature, and partial developmental of the breasts
The amount of testosterone in the blood is increased by
LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone
A colorblind male always receives the colorblind gene from his mother
True
A vasectomy is the male equivalent of tubal ligation regarding efficiency of contraception
True
An ovary is held in position by the broad ligament, suspensory ligament, and ovarian ligament
True
Hysterectomy involves removal of the uterus and uterine tubes, therapeutically
True
If a Y bearing sperm fertilizes a normal egg, the zygote should exhibit the male genotype
True
In an adult heart, the previous location of the foramen ovale is marked by a depression called the fossa ovalis
True
In females, egg cell production begins before birth
True
The epididymis is a coiled tubule on the surface of the testes that stores sperm cells
True
The first female menstrual cycle is called menarche
True
The movement of an egg down a uterine tube is aided by ciliary action
True
The outer layer of an ovary is similar to the tunica albuginea, outer testis layer
True
The particular combination of genes present within a zygote constitutes its genotype
True
The period of development during which the contents of a zygote are divided into smaller and smaller cells is cleavage
True
The process of growing old is called senescence
True
Within a set of human chromosomes, 22 pairs are called autosomes
True
The placental membrane is composed of
a double layer of epithelial cells
Egg cells are transported in the female reproductive tract by _____ whereas sperm are transported in the male reproductive tract by the ____
action of ciliated epithelium in the uterine tubes; movements of their tails
If the parent genotypes are AA and aa, the offspring are expected to be
all Aa
As a rule, during adulthood
all of the above
Some possible causes of aging are the
all of the above
The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include
all of the above
Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined?
all of the above
Down syndrome is caused by
an extra #21 chromosome
Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and
anterior pituitary gland and testes
Which of the following is not a characteristic of childhood?
becoming reproductively functional
The _______ is the early pre-embryonic stage that implants in the uterine lining
blastocyst
A bastomere is a ______ and a blastocyst is ________
cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells
A Pap smear is used to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the
cervix
The tubular portion of the uterus that extends downward into the upper part of the vagina is the
cervix
Which sexually transmitted disease is also associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in females?
chlamydia infection
Which structure is formed following ovulation?
corpus luteum
Which of the following terms is correctly defined?
cryptorchidism is the failure of testes to descend into scrotum
Women athletes sometimes experience disturbances in their menstrual cycles because of
decreased synthesis of estrogens
Within the female ovary, primordial follicles begin their development
during prenatal development
Which of the following provides the main source of energy for a newborn during its first few days?
fat
What does an ovulated oocyte first come into contact with?
fimbriae
The yolk sac functions to
form blood cells in early development
The superior region of the vagina is the ______
fornix
Incomplete dominance is defined as
gene pairs occurring in two forms that are expressed differently and neither is dominant to the other
A number of hormonal secretions begin or increase during puberty. Which hormone appears to initiate the process of puberty?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What is the term for the primary human sex organs?
gonads
The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosusis relatively
high in oxygen and nutrients
When the alleles of a gene pair are identical they are said to be
homozygous
The detection of the hormone __________ is the basis of most pregnancy tests
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What is the source of the male androgen testosterone?
interstitial cells
Ovulation appears to be triggered by a midcycle surge in
luteinizing hormone (LH)
The placenta is composed of tissues from the
mother and embryo
The largest component of the uterus by weight is the ______
myometrium
Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism that causes an erection?
none of the above
Which of the following is (are) the most reliable form of contraception?
oral contraceptives
An ectopic pregnancy occurs wen an embryo begins development
outside the uterus
The hormone mainly responsible for maintaining the uterine wall during the last 5-6 months of pregnancy are
placental estrogen and progesterone
The major hormonal changes that occur in the maternal body during pregnancy are
placental tissues secrete high amounts of estrogen and progesterone
What is the purpose of polar bodies during oogenesis?
polar bodies serve both as a dumping ground for extra sets of chromosomes and ensure that the ovum will have most of the cytoplasm
A gene is defined as a
portion of a DNA molecule that contains the information for producing one kind of protein molecule
Which gland lies at the inferior base of the urinary bladder?
prostate
Which male accessory gland lies inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra like a donut?
prostate
Which of the following structures are unpaired?
prostate gland
The ductus areteriosus allows fetal blood to nerve from the
pulmonary trunk into the aorta
A gene that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is called
recessive
If the testes fail to descend, a male is infertile because sperm cell formation is prevented by
relatively high internal body temperature
The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the
right atrium to the left atrium
During ovulation, a(n) ______ is released from the ovary
secondary oocyte
Males have a number of internal accessory organs. Which one(s) is/are responsible for secreting fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins?
seminal vesicles
The last fluid to be expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the
seminal vesicles
The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain
synthetic estrogen and progesterone
The interstitial cells of the testes produce
testosterone
Which layer of the uterus is shed once monthly during menstruation?
the endometrium
The term newborn refers to the period from birth through _____, whereas the term infant refers to the period from ____
the first four weeks; the first month to 1 year
Which oft he following is true in regard to determination of the gender of a baby?
the sex chromosome in the sperm determines the gender of the baby
Which of the following is true regarding egg cells?
they always contains an X chromosome
The epididymis is a ____ and it functions to ____
tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; store immature sperm as they mature
Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its periods of rapid growth and development are called teratogens
true
Choosing from the following list, the most effective means of preventing conception
tubual ligation
Which of the following combinations would be needed to cause the development of dizygotic twins?
two egg cells and two sperm cells
In females, what structure is located immediately anterior to the vagina?
urethra
Fertilization normally occurs in the
uterine (Fallopian) tube
Specifically, where are sperm cells formed within the testes?
within the seminiferous tubules