A&P 4

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An oocyte is viable up to ________ hours after ovulation.

24

How long are the typical ovarian and uterine (menstrual) cycles in a female?

28 days

Parturition occurs approximately ________ days after a woman's last menstrual cycle

280 days

The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________.

64-72 days

Aldosterone is produced by

Adrenal glands

Epinephrine is produced by

Adrenal glands

Glucocorticoids is produced by

Adrenal glands

Norepinephrine is produced by

Adrenal glands

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine.

B12

True or False: A diet rich in proteins such as eggs, cheese, and whole-wheat products produces urine with an alkaline pH.

False

The autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism is known as

Grave's Disease

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin is produced by

Hypothyalamus

What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on a female?

LH triggers ovulation in a female.

Glucagon is produced by

Pancreas

Insulin is produced by

Pancreas

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by

Parathyroid Gland

Which of the following is NOT a role of semen?

The acidity of semen helps neutralize the pH environment of a female's vagina.

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

Thymosin is produced by

Thymus Gland

Calcitonin is produced by

Thyroid Gland

Thyroxine (T4) is produced by

Thyroid Gland

True or False: Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine.

True

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________.

alkalosis

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.

androgens

Prolactin is produced by

anterior pituitary

Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume

antidiuretic hormone

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

We do NOT have the enzymes to digest ________.

cellulose

On which day of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle does ovulation typically occur?

day 14

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.

defecation

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine?

duodenum

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation?

endometrium

Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation.

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

estrogens and progesterone

Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes

follicle-stimulating hormone

Which hormone promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month?

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?

gallbladder

Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________.

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors

glucocorticoids

The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________.

glucose

Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones

growth hormone

Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________.

has gone a year without menstruation

Oxytocin is produced by

hypothalamus

Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________.

implantation

The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as ________.

incontinence

Lowers blood glucose levels

insulin

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin; glucagon

The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as ________.

labor

Jaundice indicates that bile has backed up into the ________ rather than entering the small intestine.

liver

Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________.

liver; gallbladder

Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone.

luteinizing

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The female reproductive organs, known as ________, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

ovaries

The process by which a mature egg is ejected from the ovary is called ________.

ovulation

Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)

oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates more frequent and more powerful contractions of the uterus as birth nears?

oxytocin

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What organs are targeted by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion?

pancreas, gallbladder, liver

Raises blood calcium levels

parathyroid hormone

Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear?

parotid glands

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

pituitary gland

What is removed during male circumcision?

prepuce

Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy?

progesterone

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Starting from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is ________.

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule

Which sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine?

pyloric

What blood vessel carries blood from the aorta into the kidney?

renal artery

The medial indentation where the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves are connected to the kidney is called the ________.

renal hilum

Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm?

seminal vesicles

Where are sperm produced within a male's testis?

seminiferous tubules

Which of the following is suitable for the fertilization of an egg?

sperm

What does salivary amylase digest?

starch

The mammary glands are modified ________.

sweat glands

The male gonads have both sperm-producing and testosterone-producing functions and are called ________.

testes

Sperm are formed in tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules that are found within each ________.

testis

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

thyroid

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine

thyroid stimulating hormone

The smooth triangular region of the urinary bladder base that is outlined by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

trigone

True or False: Blood proteins and blood cells are too large to pass through the filtration membrane and should not be found in filtrate.

true

True or False: The ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland to merge with the urethra.

true

Tube that drains urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

ureter

What tube connects each kidney to the urinary bladder?

ureter

Transports urine and sperm, in semen, in males (but never at the same time)

urethra

What tube transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body?

urethra

Around 200 mL of urine activates stretch receptors and causes this organ to go into reflex contractions

urinary bladder

Contains an area called the trigone formed by the openings of the ureters and urethra

urinary bladder

Contains three layers of smooth muscle known as the detrusor muscle

urinary bladder

Muscular sac suitable for temporary urine storage

urinary bladder

Where does fertilization usually occur?

uterine (fallopian) tubes

The external genitalia of a female are also known as the ________.

vulva

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produce by

Anterior Pituitary

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by

Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormone is produced by

Anterior Pituitary

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by

Anterior Pituitary

Thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by

Anterior Pituitary


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