A&P 4
An oocyte is viable up to ________ hours after ovulation.
24
How long are the typical ovarian and uterine (menstrual) cycles in a female?
28 days
Parturition occurs approximately ________ days after a woman's last menstrual cycle
280 days
The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________.
64-72 days
Aldosterone is produced by
Adrenal glands
Epinephrine is produced by
Adrenal glands
Glucocorticoids is produced by
Adrenal glands
Norepinephrine is produced by
Adrenal glands
Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine.
B12
True or False: A diet rich in proteins such as eggs, cheese, and whole-wheat products produces urine with an alkaline pH.
False
The autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism is known as
Grave's Disease
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin is produced by
Hypothyalamus
What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on a female?
LH triggers ovulation in a female.
Glucagon is produced by
Pancreas
Insulin is produced by
Pancreas
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by
Parathyroid Gland
Which of the following is NOT a role of semen?
The acidity of semen helps neutralize the pH environment of a female's vagina.
What is the primary function of thymosin?
Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.
Thymosin is produced by
Thymus Gland
Calcitonin is produced by
Thyroid Gland
Thyroxine (T4) is produced by
Thyroid Gland
True or False: Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine.
True
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________.
alkalosis
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.
androgens
Prolactin is produced by
anterior pituitary
Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume
antidiuretic hormone
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
We do NOT have the enzymes to digest ________.
cellulose
On which day of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle does ovulation typically occur?
day 14
The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.
defecation
Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine?
duodenum
What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation?
endometrium
Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation.
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?
estrogens and progesterone
Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes
follicle-stimulating hormone
Which hormone promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?
gallbladder
Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________.
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors
glucocorticoids
The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________.
glucose
Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
growth hormone
Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________.
has gone a year without menstruation
Oxytocin is produced by
hypothalamus
Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________.
implantation
The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as ________.
incontinence
Lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.
insulin
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.
insulin; glucagon
The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as ________.
labor
Jaundice indicates that bile has backed up into the ________ rather than entering the small intestine.
liver
Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________.
liver; gallbladder
Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone.
luteinizing
Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
The female reproductive organs, known as ________, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
ovaries
The process by which a mature egg is ejected from the ovary is called ________.
ovulation
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)
oxytocin
Which hormone stimulates more frequent and more powerful contractions of the uterus as birth nears?
oxytocin
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What organs are targeted by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion?
pancreas, gallbladder, liver
Raises blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear?
parotid glands
Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?
pituitary gland
What is removed during male circumcision?
prepuce
Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy?
progesterone
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Starting from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is ________.
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
Which sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine?
pyloric
What blood vessel carries blood from the aorta into the kidney?
renal artery
The medial indentation where the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves are connected to the kidney is called the ________.
renal hilum
Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm?
seminal vesicles
Where are sperm produced within a male's testis?
seminiferous tubules
Which of the following is suitable for the fertilization of an egg?
sperm
What does salivary amylase digest?
starch
The mammary glands are modified ________.
sweat glands
The male gonads have both sperm-producing and testosterone-producing functions and are called ________.
testes
Sperm are formed in tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules that are found within each ________.
testis
What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
thyroid
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
thyroid stimulating hormone
The smooth triangular region of the urinary bladder base that is outlined by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the ________.
trigone
True or False: Blood proteins and blood cells are too large to pass through the filtration membrane and should not be found in filtrate.
true
True or False: The ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland to merge with the urethra.
true
Tube that drains urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
What tube connects each kidney to the urinary bladder?
ureter
Transports urine and sperm, in semen, in males (but never at the same time)
urethra
What tube transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body?
urethra
Around 200 mL of urine activates stretch receptors and causes this organ to go into reflex contractions
urinary bladder
Contains an area called the trigone formed by the openings of the ureters and urethra
urinary bladder
Contains three layers of smooth muscle known as the detrusor muscle
urinary bladder
Muscular sac suitable for temporary urine storage
urinary bladder
Where does fertilization usually occur?
uterine (fallopian) tubes
The external genitalia of a female are also known as the ________.
vulva
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produce by
Anterior Pituitary
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by
Anterior Pituitary
Growth Hormone is produced by
Anterior Pituitary
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by
Anterior Pituitary
Thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by
Anterior Pituitary
