A&P - Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function - Chapter 20: The Blood Vessels - MEGAKIT

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?

0

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.

1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right common carotid artery 4. Right internal caroid artery 5. Cerebral arterial circle 6. Cavernous sinus 7. Right internal jugular vein 8. Right brachiocephalic vein 9. Superior vena cava

What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively?

80 mm Hg

Which of the following is not a vein of the lower limb?

Anterior interosseous vein

Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration?

Dehydration

TRUE OR FALSE Heart rate and stroke volume decrease with a decrease in parasympathetic stimulation.

False

TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.

False

TRUE OR FALSE: Decompensated shock is normally corrected by the body's homeostatic mechanisms.

False

TRUE OR FALSE: The three primary branches of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic veins.

False

The brachial vein is the most common site of blood pressure measurement with the sphygmomanometer.

False

What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in?

Increased circulation to the brain

Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?

Medulla oblongata

Why does our blood pressure generally go up as we age?

Our arteries get 'hard' and absorb less systolic force

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion?

Smooth muscle in the tunica media

Which of the following activities would fatigue your hand muscles the fastest?

Squeezing a ball as hard as you can without stopping

A mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following?

Syncope

Your grandmother is experiencing temporary dizziness, blurred vision, paralysis on her left side, and mild aphasia. What do you think might be happening?

TIA

Which of the following statements about TIAs and CVAs is true?

TIAs are often early warning signs of an impending stroke.

Which of the following constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs?

The azygos system

Arterial flow to the lower limb comes from the external iliac artery.

True

TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Blood filtered through the hepatic sinusoids exits the liver via the hepatic veins.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: Increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: The pulmonary circuit is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.

True

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Most of the redirection will occur in the ____________ .

arterioles

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The site of gaseous exchange, or ____________ , are characterized by extremely thin walls with only endothelium and basal lamina, which better suits diffusional requirements.

capillaries

Where are baroreceptors found?

carotid sinuses

Which vessel supplies 80% of the cerebrum?

internal carotid artery

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Subtracting the SBP from the DBP results in ____________ which is directly proportional to the overall strength of one's pulse.

pulse pressure

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Blood flow is ____________ according to metabolic needs.

redirected

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Constriction of these sphincters ____________ the blood flow through their respective capillaries.

reduces

Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure.

resistance

Where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body?

veins

What might account for a soldier experiencing syncope after standing at attention for a long period of time?

venous pooling

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.

1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right subclavian artery 4. Brachial artery 5. Ulnar artery 6. Venous palmar arches 7. Basilic vein 8. Subclavian vein 9. Brachiocephalic vein 10. Superior vena cava

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.

1. Aorta 2. Common iliac artery 3. External iliac artery 4. Femoral artery 5. Popliteal artery 6. Popliteal vein 7. Femoral vein 8. External iliac vein 9. Common iliac vein 10. Inferior vena cava

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.

1. Conducting arteries 2. Distributing arteries 3. Resistance arteries 4. Arterioles 5. Capillaries 6. Post-capillary venules 7. Muscular venules 8. Medium veins 9. Venus sinuses 10. Large veins

Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than __________.

140/90

Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?

90%

TRUE OR FALSE: Large veins, medium veins, and venules have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

False

TRUE OR FALSE: The lymphatic capillaries reabsorb as much as 20% of the fluid lost by the blood capillaries.

False

Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?

The net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.

TRUE OR FALSE The net osmotic pressure is equal at both the arterial and the venous ends of the capillary.

True

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?

Vagus nerve

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ is the first vessel blood enters upon exiting the heart.

aorta

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Just prior to entering capillary beds, ____________ have become extremely thin and present only a few layers of smooth muscle.

arterioles

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the heart cycle.

diastolic blood pressure

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When this occurs, blood is ____________ to tissue or organs elsewhere.

diverted

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When the sphincters are open, blood will ____________ the capillary bed.

fill

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?

glossopharyngeal nerve

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This shift in fluid balance at the arterial end is referred to as ____________ pressure.

hydrostatic

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. After a meal the ____________ receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow.

intestines

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ expand and recoil with every heart beat due to a histologically dominant network of elastic tissue in the tunica media.

large (elastic) arteries

Which vessels have the thickest tunica media?

large arteries

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The superior vena cava is an example of a ____________ that includes smooth muscle circularly and longitudinally arranged in the tunica media and externa, respectively.

large vein

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This is the physical force exerted by a ____________ against a surface like a capillary wall.

liquid

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. When one third of pulse pressure is added to the diastolic pressure, a good estimate of ____________ is obtained.

mean arterial pressure

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ contain abundant but irregularly spaced smooth muscle with frequent valves present in the tunica interna.

medium veins

Where is the vasomotor center located?

medulla oblongata

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. During exercise the skeletal muscles receive ____________ blood flow.

more

Which of the following decreases blood pressure?

natriuretic peptides

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Typically, fluid filters ____________ the arterial end of a capillary.

out

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Capillary beds have precapillary ____________ at the junction of capillaries and the metarteriole.

sphincters

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the heart cycle is referred to as ____________ .

systolic blood pressure

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the __________ and in large arteries and veins contains the __________.

tunica externa; vasa vasorum

What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

veins

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Fluid will then osmotically reenter at the ____________ end.

venous

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. After exiting the capillary, ____________ contain no muscle and are the first vessel that blood enters on its way back to the heart.

venules

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This fluid delivers materials to the cells and removes its ____________ .

waste

Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. INCREASED FLOW

• Aldosterone hypersecretion • Increasing blood pressure • Increasing blood velocity • Increasing vessel radius

Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel empties directly into the superior or inferior vena cava or into another (other) named vessel. OTHER

• Atrial • Femoral • Gastric • Posterior intercostal veins • Superior mesenteric

Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel empties directly into the superior or inferior vena cava or into another (other) named vessel. SUPERIOR or INFERIOR VENA CAVA

• Azygos vein • Hepatic • Left brachiocephalic • Lumbar veins • Renal

Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Transient Ischemic Attack

• Brief episode of Cerebral ischemia • Last from just a moment to a few hours • May result from spasms of diseased cerebral arteries • Temporary dizziness, loss of vision , weakness, paralysis, headache or aphasia

Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. COMPENSATED SHOCK

• Brings about spontaneous recovery • Hypotension triggers production of angiotensin II • Hypotension triggers the baroreflex • When a person falls to a horizontal position, gravity restores blood flow to brain

Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stroke/CVA

• Can be produced by artherosclerosis, thrombosis or a ruptured aneurysm • Effect ranges from unnoticeable to fatal • Recovery depends on the ability of neighboring neurons to take over the lost functions • The sudden death of brain tissue caused by ischemia

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. VEINS

• Contain the majority of blood at any one time • Collapsed when empty • Loosely referred to as "capacitance vessels" • Provide for relatively consistent velocity of blood flow • Rely on the respiratory and skeletal muscular pumps to propel blood

Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. DECREASED FLOW

• Dehydration • Increased resistance • Increasing blood viscosity • Increasing red blood cell count • Increasing vessel length • Vasoconstriction

Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. AORTA

• Esophageal • Gonadal • Left common carotid • Renal • Superior mesenteric

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. ARTERIES

• Exhibit greater ability to alter vessel diameter • Loosely termed "resistance vessels" • Loosely termed "pressure reservoirs" • Pulsatile flow of blood • Usually carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. DECOMPENSATED SHOCK

• Half of those who go into this type of shock die from of it • Ischemia/acidosis of brainstem depress the vasomotor and cardiac centres • Life-threatening positive feedback loops occur • Poor cardiac output results in myocardial ischemia and infarction • slow circulation of the blood can lead to DIC

Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. OTHER

• internal iliac • jejunal • left axillary • pancreatic • sigmoid