a&p chp 6
process also called Kreb cycle
citric acid cycle
The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of
phagocytosis
Which of the following is not a passive transport process
phagocytosis
The__________ pressure of a solution is the pressure that prevents the movement of water by a small osmosis from pure water into the solution.
Osmotic
Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways?
They turn larger molecules into smaller ones.
The hypertonic solution contains_______ concentration of solute______the cell.
a greater; than
The location at which the enzyme molecule binds to the substance it acts on is called the:
active site
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing the enzymes shape is called an
allosteric effector
Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When the dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be
an even exchange of material across the membrane.
The small water channels in the so membrane are called
aquaporins
Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse.
false
The "lock and key" model is used to describe how mRNA and a and tRNA base pairs align
false
The 3 processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the proton transport system
false
The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondria membrane
false
The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrase joins two sucrose molecules together
false
The sodium potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process
false
a semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur
false
all enzyme names end with the suffix ase
false
an enzyme elminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
false
an inorganic substance, such as an ion, called a coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme
false
anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration
false
cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis
false
coenzyme join enzymes to form proenzymes
false
diffusion is a form of filtration that result in the separation of small and large solute particles
false
diffusion is s characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system
false
digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrase
false
gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli.
false
glycolysis produces very little ATP but produces several molecules of NADH and FADH2
false
lactate is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle.
false
most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.
false
oxygenis used in the citric acid cycle in cell respiration
false
protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity.
false
the most important end product in peoduct in cellular respiration is oxygen
false
the process of end product inhibition in a metabolic pathway is an example of a positive-feedback loop.
false
the vesicles used in exocytosis have broken off from the mitochondria and are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton.
false
when molecules pass directly through the cell membrane, the process is called filtration
false
A proteins in the cell membrane that can open and close are called
gated channel proteins
First step in cellular respiration
glycolysis
Add water to a molecule without splitting it
hydrases
Digestive enzymes belong to which group?
hydrolases
digestive enzymes
hydrolases
The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as_______pressure.
hydrostatic
A saline solution that contains a high concentration of salt in a red blood cell would be
hypertonic
Which of the following is not true of the exocytosis?
the vesicles containing the protein were formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
If a cell were place in a hypertonic solution
there would be a net loss of water out of the cell.
Which of the following is not true of enzymes
they increase the activation of a reaction
Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?
they turn smaller molecules into larger ones and they require energy from the cell.
A hypertonic solution has a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution
true
A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane
true
An enzyme is a catalyst
true
Because a living cell membrane can limit the diffusion of some substances by opening and closing channels the membrane can be called selectively permeable
true
Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria
true
Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles.
true
Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins.
true
For osmosis to occur there must be at least one impermeable solute present
true
Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic.
true
Molecules may move down their concentration gradient by passing through a membrane carrier
true
Phagocytosis and exocytosis are opposite processes
true
Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction
true
Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells
true
Special membrane channels called aquaporins assists the diffusion of water across the cell membrane
true
The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into it
true
The lock and key model of enzyme function explains how the protein and substrate join
true
The size of a molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration
true
The sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane moves potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell
true
allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzymes active site.
true
both temperature and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme
true
facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.
true
if a blood cell was placed in a solution and the cell began to swell and take in water the solution would be called hypotonic to the cell
true
one possible end product of glycolysis is lactate.
true
phagocytosis can be translated to cell eating
true
the energy storage molecules NADH and FADH2 have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system.
true
the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sucrose is probably specific to that reaction
true
the process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle.
true
the process of glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose
true
the process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking
true
Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?
directly releases 36 ATPs of energy.
last step of cellular respiration
electron transport system
In aerobic respiration, the function of oxygen is to combine with:
electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport system
Phagocytosis is an example of
endocytosis
Activation energy is the amount of energy gained by the cell as a result of a catabolic pathway
false
Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell
false
Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions
false
For an enzyme to function the coenzyme must fit into the enzymes active site like a key fits into a lock
false
Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions
false
What is true about the sodium and potassium pump
3 potassium ions are taken into the cell
NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction?
Both into and out of the cell
Add or remove carbon dioxide
Carboxylases or decarboxylases
A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. this describes the process of
Carrier mediated transport
Part of the cell in which glycolysis takes places
Cytosol
Gated channels in the cell membrane can be opened by
Electrical changes, Voltage, Chemicals, Light
All of the following are examples of passive chance for except
Endocytosis
A 10% solution of NaCL has a higher concentration of water then a 10% solution of glucose
False
Active transport processes that use protein Carrier molecules or pumps do not you cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients.
False
Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transfer processes because require a carrier system such as a pump
False
The citric acid cycle and a electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus
False
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exits across the membrane is a process of
Filtration
hydrostatic pressure in the blood is
Generated by the contraction of the heart and generated by gravity and important to the functioning of the kidney.
Which enzymes rearrange atoms within a molecule?
Isomerases
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?
It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule
Part of the cell in which citric acid cycles takes place
Mitochondria
Involved in oxydation-reduction reactions
Oxidases and hydrogenases
What is not true about the sodium and potassium pump
Sodium moved into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell
Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme?
Temperature, pH and an increase in the amount of end product produced by a reaction.
For osmosis to occur a selectively permeable membrane must be present.
True
One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up or against its concentration gradient.
True
The active transport process involving pumps requires both a Carrier system and cellular energy
True
The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient a exits is called filtration
True
a solution maybe defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent
True
Which of the following is not true of diffusion
Uses cellular energy
Diffusion requires
concentration gradient
diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called
facilitated diffusion
maintain homeostasis, the sodium-potassium pump moves equal amounts of sodium and potassium into and out of the cell.
false
Water will move through the cell membrane by
osmosis
End product of glycolysis
pyruvate
if a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution
there would be a net gain of water into the cell
Carries the end product of glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
Acetyl coenzyme A
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to high conversation through
Active transport
Describes a process that can take place without oxygen
Anaerobic
if a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane:
Glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% percent solution and water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution.
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as
Osmosis
Rearrange atoms within a molecule
Mutases or isomerases
Compound that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport system
NAD
Add or remove phosphate groups
Phosphorylating enzymes
Converted from pyruvate acid if no oxygen is present
lactate
After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle digest what is in the vesicle?
lysosome
