a&p chp 6

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process also called Kreb cycle

citric acid cycle

The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of

phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a passive transport process

phagocytosis

The__________ pressure of a solution is the pressure that prevents the movement of water by a small osmosis from pure water into the solution.

Osmotic

Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways?

They turn larger molecules into smaller ones.

The hypertonic solution contains_______ concentration of solute______the cell.

a greater; than

The location at which the enzyme molecule binds to the substance it acts on is called the:

active site

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing the enzymes shape is called an

allosteric effector

Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When the dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be

an even exchange of material across the membrane.

The small water channels in the so membrane are called

aquaporins

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse.

false

The "lock and key" model is used to describe how mRNA and a and tRNA base pairs align

false

The 3 processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the proton transport system

false

The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondria membrane

false

The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrase joins two sucrose molecules together

false

The sodium potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process

false

a semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur

false

all enzyme names end with the suffix ase

false

an enzyme elminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

false

an inorganic substance, such as an ion, called a coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme

false

anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration

false

cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis

false

coenzyme join enzymes to form proenzymes

false

diffusion is a form of filtration that result in the separation of small and large solute particles

false

diffusion is s characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system

false

digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrase

false

gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli.

false

glycolysis produces very little ATP but produces several molecules of NADH and FADH2

false

lactate is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle.

false

most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.

false

oxygenis used in the citric acid cycle in cell respiration

false

protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity.

false

the most important end product in peoduct in cellular respiration is oxygen

false

the process of end product inhibition in a metabolic pathway is an example of a positive-feedback loop.

false

the vesicles used in exocytosis have broken off from the mitochondria and are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton.

false

when molecules pass directly through the cell membrane, the process is called filtration

false

A proteins in the cell membrane that can open and close are called

gated channel proteins

First step in cellular respiration

glycolysis

Add water to a molecule without splitting it

hydrases

Digestive enzymes belong to which group?

hydrolases

digestive enzymes

hydrolases

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as_______pressure.

hydrostatic

A saline solution that contains a high concentration of salt in a red blood cell would be

hypertonic

Which of the following is not true of the exocytosis?

the vesicles containing the protein were formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

If a cell were place in a hypertonic solution

there would be a net loss of water out of the cell.

Which of the following is not true of enzymes

they increase the activation of a reaction

Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?

they turn smaller molecules into larger ones and they require energy from the cell.

A hypertonic solution has a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution

true

A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane

true

An enzyme is a catalyst

true

Because a living cell membrane can limit the diffusion of some substances by opening and closing channels the membrane can be called selectively permeable

true

Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria

true

Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles.

true

Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins.

true

For osmosis to occur there must be at least one impermeable solute present

true

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic.

true

Molecules may move down their concentration gradient by passing through a membrane carrier

true

Phagocytosis and exocytosis are opposite processes

true

Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction

true

Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells

true

Special membrane channels called aquaporins assists the diffusion of water across the cell membrane

true

The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into it

true

The lock and key model of enzyme function explains how the protein and substrate join

true

The size of a molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration

true

The sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane moves potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell

true

allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzymes active site.

true

both temperature and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme

true

facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.

true

if a blood cell was placed in a solution and the cell began to swell and take in water the solution would be called hypotonic to the cell

true

one possible end product of glycolysis is lactate.

true

phagocytosis can be translated to cell eating

true

the energy storage molecules NADH and FADH2 have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system.

true

the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sucrose is probably specific to that reaction

true

the process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle.

true

the process of glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose

true

the process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking

true

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

directly releases 36 ATPs of energy.

last step of cellular respiration

electron transport system

In aerobic respiration, the function of oxygen is to combine with:

electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport system

Phagocytosis is an example of

endocytosis

Activation energy is the amount of energy gained by the cell as a result of a catabolic pathway

false

Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell

false

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions

false

For an enzyme to function the coenzyme must fit into the enzymes active site like a key fits into a lock

false

Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions

false

What is true about the sodium and potassium pump

3 potassium ions are taken into the cell

NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction?

Both into and out of the cell

Add or remove carbon dioxide

Carboxylases or decarboxylases

A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. this describes the process of

Carrier mediated transport

Part of the cell in which glycolysis takes places

Cytosol

Gated channels in the cell membrane can be opened by

Electrical changes, Voltage, Chemicals, Light

All of the following are examples of passive chance for except

Endocytosis

A 10% solution of NaCL has a higher concentration of water then a 10% solution of glucose

False

Active transport processes that use protein Carrier molecules or pumps do not you cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients.

False

Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transfer processes because require a carrier system such as a pump

False

The citric acid cycle and a electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus

False

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exits across the membrane is a process of

Filtration

hydrostatic pressure in the blood is

Generated by the contraction of the heart and generated by gravity and important to the functioning of the kidney.

Which enzymes rearrange atoms within a molecule?

Isomerases

Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?

It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule

Part of the cell in which citric acid cycles takes place

Mitochondria

Involved in oxydation-reduction reactions

Oxidases and hydrogenases

What is not true about the sodium and potassium pump

Sodium moved into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell

Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme?

Temperature, pH and an increase in the amount of end product produced by a reaction.

For osmosis to occur a selectively permeable membrane must be present.

True

One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up or against its concentration gradient.

True

The active transport process involving pumps requires both a Carrier system and cellular energy

True

The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient a exits is called filtration

True

a solution maybe defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent

True

Which of the following is not true of diffusion

Uses cellular energy

Diffusion requires

concentration gradient

diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called

facilitated diffusion

maintain homeostasis, the sodium-potassium pump moves equal amounts of sodium and potassium into and out of the cell.

false

Water will move through the cell membrane by

osmosis

End product of glycolysis

pyruvate

if a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution

there would be a net gain of water into the cell

Carries the end product of glycolysis to the citric acid cycle

Acetyl coenzyme A

Materials can be moved from a low concentration to high conversation through

Active transport

Describes a process that can take place without oxygen

Anaerobic

if a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane:

Glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% percent solution and water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution.

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as

Osmosis

Rearrange atoms within a molecule

Mutases or isomerases

Compound that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport system

NAD

Add or remove phosphate groups

Phosphorylating enzymes

Converted from pyruvate acid if no oxygen is present

lactate

After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle digest what is in the vesicle?

lysosome


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