A&P exam 1

When elements found in column VIA of the periodic table become ions, they usually have a charge of

-2

What is the number of covalent bonds that an atom of nitrogen can form within a molecule?

3

24) Which describes the anatomic position?

A) Body is upright. B) Palms are facing forward. C) Thumbs point away from the body. D) Feet are flat on the floor. E) All of the choices are correct. Answer::::: (E)

23) Which of the following is not one of the four most common elements in the body?

Calcium

40) Which anatomical term describes the wrist region?

Carpal

When diagramming an atom, how many electrons can fit in each of the shells beyond the innermost shell?

Eight

Which of the following is an example of a best practice for effectively studying anatomy and physiology material?

Explaining a concept to a study partner

The word "anatomy" comes from

Greek and means "to cut apart."

Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?

Histology

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

Hypogastric

Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?

Integumentary

Which of the following describes the sequence of steps in the scientific method?

Observe a natural event, form a hypothesis, experiments and testing, form conclusions

28) Which best defines "superficial"?

On the outside

At what level of organization is a tooth, which contains multiple tissue types?

Organ level

Which level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function?

Organ system level

Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of structures

Organs are made up of tissues, which are made up of cells, which are made up of organelles and molecules

39) What is the anatomic term for the foot?

Ped

Which of the following choices places the components of a homeostatic control system in proper order?

Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector

______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them

Surface

Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and a left side?

The lumbar, iliac, and hypochondriac

10) Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?

The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntary

When you are exposed to bright light, cells in the retina detect the stimulus and send it to the brain for processing. The brain commands the iris to constrict and decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system?

The retina

Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ?

The visceral layer

Which of the following statements accurately describes electrons

They are in orbitals outside the nucleus and have a negative charge

Which statement accurately describes isomers?

They have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

On the periodic table, beryllium sits above magnesium and to the right of lithium. Given that magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and lithium has one, how many electrons would you predict beryllium has in its outer shell?

Two

The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is

a cell

In the formation of a compound of sodium chloride,

a sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.

Radioisotopes contain

an excess of neutrons.

If carbon dioxide levels rise in the body, negative feedback mechanisms will trigger

an increase in breathing so that carbon dioxide levels decline to the set point.

A scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)

anatomist

The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the

appendicular region

Within the periodic table, elements are organized consecutively by

atomic number within rows.

33) The head, neck, and trunk make up the ______ region of the body.

axial

34) The cranial cavity houses the

brain

37) The anatomic term for the cheek is

buccal

The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as

catabolism

32) The best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is

caudal

Diagnosing a disease involves determining the

cause of the homeostatic imbalance

What is the anatomic term for the hip region?

coxal

7) The two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are

cytology and histology

In the positive feedback mechanism governing breastfeeding, the mammary glands of the breast serve as the

effector

The part of the homeostatic control mechanism that brings about change is the

effector

When you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)

effector

Which of the following has the smallest mass?

electron

Ionic bonds involve

electrostatic interactions between anions and cations

The pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that

encloses the heart

Of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

epigastric

Disease is often considered the result of

failure of homeostatic systems.

With a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a _____ view.

frontal

44) The term "hallux" refers to the

great toe

An inguinal hernia is in the region of the

groin

11) Biological half-life is the time required for

half of a radioactive material to be eliminated from the body

11) Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of

how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.

Consider an atom with four electrons in its outer shell. If that atom is covalently bound to three other atoms within a molecule, then it is

in a double bond with one atom and in single bonds with two atoms

The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers

The control center of a homeostatic mechanism

integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed

Two atoms that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain are known as

isotopes.

A professional fighter hit in the mental region might have damage to the

jaw

36) The axillary region is ______ to the pectoral region.

lateral

The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

lateral.

When atoms of elements on the left side of the periodic table ionize, they tend to

lose electrons and therefore become cations.

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has

lost or gained an electron.

Lateral to the umbilical abdominopelvic region are the _____ regions.

lumbar

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

mediastinum

15) The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called

metabolism.

Water contains two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom; "H2O" is therefore water's

molecular formula.

Fatty acids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen, and so fatty acids are

nonpolar and do not dissolve in water

A plane that passes through the structure at an angle is called

oblique.

The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under

pathologicanatomy.

The moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

peritoneum.

The mechanism by which the body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a topic to study for

physiologists

9) The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

physiology

25) The word _____ implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

plane

If an element from the first column of the periodic table entered into a covalent bond with one from the sixth column, then the bond would be a

polar bond, with the element from the sixth column developing a partial negative charge.

The molecular formula for bicarbonate ion is HCO3-. It is therefore a

polyatomic anion

31) The directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is

posterior

38) The popliteal region is best seen from a(n) ________ view.

posterior

With the subject in the anatomic position, one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n) ______ view.

posterior

The pleural cavity is the

potential space between the two serous membranes surrounding a lung.

An element's atomic number is determined by the number of __________ in one atom of that element.

protons

30) The directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk" is

proximal

The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the _____________ system.

respiratory

14) The term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is

responsiveness.

The normal level at which a physiological variable is maintained is known as its

set point.

The body system that provides support and protection as well as being a site of blood cell production (hemopoiesis) is the ____________ system

skeletal

The three forms of matter are

solids, liquids, and gases

Gross anatomy refers to the study of

structures visible to the unaided eye.

The number of neutrons in an atom can be determined by

subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass

The anatomic term for the calf is

sural.

8) When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit (for example, all the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the leg), that approach is called

systemic anatomy

A double covalent bond involves

the sharing of two pairs of electrons.

"Pollex" refers to the

thumb

42) The primary function of serous fluid is

to serve as a lubricant.

A(n) _______ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

transverse

When diagramming an atom, the innermost shell is filled with ______ electrons

two

If an ionic compound formed between an element from the first column of the periodic table and another from the sixth column, you would expect the compound to include

two atoms from the first-column element and one atom from the sixth-column element.

The abdominopelvic quadrants are formed by passing one horizontal and one vertical line through the

umbilicus.

35) The bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the

vertebral canal.

The large surface area of the inside of the small intestine means that this structure is

well adapted for its physiological role in absorbtion