A&P I Exam 1 Material

Disorder

Any Abnormality of structure and function

Aqueous humor and Vitreous body

Two different types of ECF within the eyes.

Effector

What component of the feedback system brings about the desired change and leads to the response?

Control Center

What component of the feedback system receives input and provides nerve impulses or chemical signals?

Receptor

What component of the feedback system receives the stimulus?

Endocrine System

What regulatory mechanism helps achieve homeostasis via hormones?

Left Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the body and tail of the pancreas found in?

Right Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the duodenum located?

Right Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the gallbladder found in?

Right Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the head of the pancreas located in?

Left Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the left lobe of the liver found in?

Left Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the majority of the stomach located in?

Right Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the pylorus of the stomach located in?

Right Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the right lobe of the liver found in?

Left Upper Quadrant

Which quadrant is the spleen located in?

Carpal

Wrist

Tarsal

Ankle

Pericardium

Serous membrane of pericardial cavity. - Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart - Parietal pericardium lines chest wall - Pericardial cavity between the two

Pleura

Serous membrane of pleural cavities. - Visceral pleura on surface of lungs - Parietal pleura lines the chest walls - Pleural cavity between the two

Right Upper Quadrant Contents

- Gallbladder - Right lobe of the liver - Duodenum - Pylorus of the stomach - Head of the pancreas - Right kidney - Superior portion of the ascending colon - Part of the transverse colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum

Left Upper Quadrant Contents

- Left lobe of the liver - Most of the stomach - Body and tail of the pancreas - Spleen - Left kidney - Part of the transverse colon - Part of the descending colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum

Left Lower Quadrant Contents

- Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum - Part of the descending colon

Right Lower Quadrant Contents

- Vermiform appendix - Inferior portion of the ascending colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum

Levels of Organization

1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. System Level 6. Organismal Level

Dorsal Body Cavity

1. Cranial Cavity 2. Vertebral Canal

Characteristics of Living Things

1. Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) 2. Responsiveness (detect and respond to changes) 3. Movement (motion of body, organs, cells) 4. Growth (Increase in individual size 5. Differentiation (individual & species levels) 6. Reproduction (increase in numbers)

Abdominal Quadrants

1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominopelvic Regions

1. Right hypochondriac region 2. Epigastric region 3. Left hypochondriac region 4. Right lumbar region 5. Umbilical region 6. Left lumbar region 7. Right iliac region 8. Hypogastric region 9. Left iliac region

Ventral Body Cavity

1. Thoracic Cavity a. Pleural Cavity b. Pericardial Cavity c. Mediastinum Cavity 2. Abdominopelvic Cavity a. Abdominal Cavity b. Pelvic Cavity

Abdominal

Abdomen

Brachial

Arm

Axillary

Armpit

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Cranial

Skull

Catabolism

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.

Anabolism

Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.

Gluteal

Buttock

Sural

Calf

Buccal

Cheek

Thoracic

Chest

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Homeostasis

Condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment.

Parietal

Covering against a cavity wall

Visceral

Covering over an organ

Parasagittal Plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides through nipple line and knee.

Midsagittal Plane

Divides the body into equal right and left sides through the midline

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Interstitial Fluid

ECF filling spaces between cells.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord

Synovial Fluid

ECF in joints

Blood Plasma

ECF within blood vessels

Lymph

ECF within lymphatic vessels

Otic

Ear

Cubital

Elbow

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Extends from the diaphragm to the groin. Divided into two portions: 1. Abdominal cavity 2. Pelvic cavity

Orbital

Eye

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Cephalic

Head

Antebrachial

Forearm

Inguinal

Groin

Metacarpal

Hand/Palm

Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

Coxal

Hips

Transverse Plane

Horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritonea

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleurae

Patellar

Knee

Crural

Leg

Disease

Local or systemic illness characterized by recognition of signs and symptoms. - Local - Systemic

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Serious Membrane

Membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES NOT open to the exterior. Consists of two membranes separated by a cavity containing serous fluid reducing friction during movement. 1. Visceral layer: Next to the viscera 2. Parietal layer: Lining the wall of the cavity

Mucous Membrane

Membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES open to the exterior.

Histology

Microscopic structure of tissues.

Oral

Mouth

Cervical

Neck

Signs

Objective changes that can be observed and measured such as swelling, rash, fever, or high blood pressure.

Contralateral

Opposite side of the body

Retroperitoneal Organs

Organs located behind the parietal peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal wall including kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, ascending the descending colons of the large intestine.

Oblique Plane

Passes through the body at an angle

Pelvic

Pelvis

Ipsilateral

Same side of the body

Peritoneum

Serous membrane of abdominal cavity. - Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera - Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall - Peritoneal cavity between the two

Plantar

Sole of foot

Positive Feedback System

Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. Continues until interrupted by some mechanism outside the system.

Thoracic Cavity

Subdivided into lateral plural cavities and the mediastinum which contains the pericardial cavity (heart), esophagus, trachea, etc.

Symptoms

Subjective changes not apparent to an observation such as headache, nausea, or anxiety.

Metabolism

Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. Consists of two phases: Catabolism and Anabolism.

Embryology

The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.

Extracellular Fluid

The fluid outside body cells.

Intracellular Fluid

The fluid within body cells.

Femoral

Thigh

Digital / Phalangeal

Toes/Fingers

Dorsum

Top of foot

Dorsal

Toward the back

Posterior

Toward the back

Anterior

Toward the front

Ventral

Toward the front

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Deep

Towards the core of the body

Superficial

Towards the surface