A&P I Exam 1 Material
Disorder
Any Abnormality of structure and function
Aqueous humor and Vitreous body
Two different types of ECF within the eyes.
Effector
What component of the feedback system brings about the desired change and leads to the response?
Control Center
What component of the feedback system receives input and provides nerve impulses or chemical signals?
Receptor
What component of the feedback system receives the stimulus?
Endocrine System
What regulatory mechanism helps achieve homeostasis via hormones?
Left Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the body and tail of the pancreas found in?
Right Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the duodenum located?
Right Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the gallbladder found in?
Right Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the head of the pancreas located in?
Left Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the left lobe of the liver found in?
Left Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the majority of the stomach located in?
Right Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the pylorus of the stomach located in?
Right Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the right lobe of the liver found in?
Left Upper Quadrant
Which quadrant is the spleen located in?
Carpal
Wrist
Tarsal
Ankle
Pericardium
Serous membrane of pericardial cavity. - Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart - Parietal pericardium lines chest wall - Pericardial cavity between the two
Pleura
Serous membrane of pleural cavities. - Visceral pleura on surface of lungs - Parietal pleura lines the chest walls - Pleural cavity between the two
Right Upper Quadrant Contents
- Gallbladder - Right lobe of the liver - Duodenum - Pylorus of the stomach - Head of the pancreas - Right kidney - Superior portion of the ascending colon - Part of the transverse colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum
Left Upper Quadrant Contents
- Left lobe of the liver - Most of the stomach - Body and tail of the pancreas - Spleen - Left kidney - Part of the transverse colon - Part of the descending colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum
Left Lower Quadrant Contents
- Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum - Part of the descending colon
Right Lower Quadrant Contents
- Vermiform appendix - Inferior portion of the ascending colon - Part of the jejunum - Part of the ileum
Levels of Organization
1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. System Level 6. Organismal Level
Dorsal Body Cavity
1. Cranial Cavity 2. Vertebral Canal
Characteristics of Living Things
1. Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) 2. Responsiveness (detect and respond to changes) 3. Movement (motion of body, organs, cells) 4. Growth (Increase in individual size 5. Differentiation (individual & species levels) 6. Reproduction (increase in numbers)
Abdominal Quadrants
1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Abdominopelvic Regions
1. Right hypochondriac region 2. Epigastric region 3. Left hypochondriac region 4. Right lumbar region 5. Umbilical region 6. Left lumbar region 7. Right iliac region 8. Hypogastric region 9. Left iliac region
Ventral Body Cavity
1. Thoracic Cavity a. Pleural Cavity b. Pericardial Cavity c. Mediastinum Cavity 2. Abdominopelvic Cavity a. Abdominal Cavity b. Pelvic Cavity
Abdominal
Abdomen
Brachial
Arm
Axillary
Armpit
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Cranial
Skull
Catabolism
Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.
Gluteal
Buttock
Sural
Calf
Buccal
Cheek
Thoracic
Chest
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Homeostasis
Condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment.
Parietal
Covering against a cavity wall
Visceral
Covering over an organ
Parasagittal Plane
Divides body into unequal right and left sides through nipple line and knee.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides the body into equal right and left sides through the midline
Frontal Plane
Divides the body into front and back portions.
Interstitial Fluid
ECF filling spaces between cells.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord
Synovial Fluid
ECF in joints
Blood Plasma
ECF within blood vessels
Lymph
ECF within lymphatic vessels
Otic
Ear
Cubital
Elbow
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Extends from the diaphragm to the groin. Divided into two portions: 1. Abdominal cavity 2. Pelvic cavity
Orbital
Eye
Distal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Cephalic
Head
Antebrachial
Forearm
Inguinal
Groin
Metacarpal
Hand/Palm
Superior
Higher on the body, nearer to the head
Coxal
Hips
Transverse Plane
Horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritonea
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleurae
Patellar
Knee
Crural
Leg
Disease
Local or systemic illness characterized by recognition of signs and symptoms. - Local - Systemic
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
Serious Membrane
Membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES NOT open to the exterior. Consists of two membranes separated by a cavity containing serous fluid reducing friction during movement. 1. Visceral layer: Next to the viscera 2. Parietal layer: Lining the wall of the cavity
Mucous Membrane
Membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES open to the exterior.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Oral
Mouth
Cervical
Neck
Signs
Objective changes that can be observed and measured such as swelling, rash, fever, or high blood pressure.
Contralateral
Opposite side of the body
Retroperitoneal Organs
Organs located behind the parietal peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal wall including kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, ascending the descending colons of the large intestine.
Oblique Plane
Passes through the body at an angle
Pelvic
Pelvis
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
Peritoneum
Serous membrane of abdominal cavity. - Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera - Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall - Peritoneal cavity between the two
Plantar
Sole of foot
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. Continues until interrupted by some mechanism outside the system.
Thoracic Cavity
Subdivided into lateral plural cavities and the mediastinum which contains the pericardial cavity (heart), esophagus, trachea, etc.
Symptoms
Subjective changes not apparent to an observation such as headache, nausea, or anxiety.
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. Consists of two phases: Catabolism and Anabolism.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.
Extracellular Fluid
The fluid outside body cells.
Intracellular Fluid
The fluid within body cells.
Femoral
Thigh
Digital / Phalangeal
Toes/Fingers
Dorsum
Top of foot
Dorsal
Toward the back
Posterior
Toward the back
Anterior
Toward the front
Ventral
Toward the front
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Deep
Towards the core of the body
Superficial
Towards the surface