A&P II
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
gene transcription is initiated.
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
gigantism.
Cushing's disease results from an excess of
glucocorticoids
Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?
glucocorticoids
Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
gonadotropins
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
growth hormone
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
growth hormone
________ are chemicals messengers that are released by cell and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissue.
hormones
Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in
hypogonadism
posterior lobe secretes ADH and oxytocin and releases directly from the hypothalamus
hypothalamus
The structures that produce the following hormones in correct order for signaing tp their respective organs: GH, GH+RH, somatomedins, target tissue
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary,liver skeletal muscle
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
hypothyroidism
adipocystes produce a peptide hormone called
leptin
destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results?
loss of ADH secretion
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
Aldosterone stimulates the re-absorption of _________ and the secretion of
sodium ions, potassium ions
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
somatomedins
The pituitary gland is located within this structure
stella turica of the sphenold bone
Three hormones that have additive effects are called
synergists
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.
synthesis and release
Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.
target
The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are
thymosins
Follicle cells synthesize a protein called
thyrocgloblin
which gland is named for a nearby prominent cartilage?
thyroid
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
thyroid gland.
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
thyroxine
the absence of which hormone during development will cause the nervous system to develop abnormally and cause
thyroxine
Hormone that stimulate endocrine gland to release other hormone are
tropic
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
tyrosine
which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and what is the primary mineralocoricoid?
zona glomerulosa, aldosterone
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
ACTH levels
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is
ACTH.
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion
ADH
which of these is released by the neurohypophysis
ADH
Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
ADH and oxytocin
When adenyl cyclase is activated,
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes
Addison's disease
the hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
Parathyroid hormone
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
aldosterone
During dehydration the body would increase production of
aldosterone and ADH
The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are
all cells of the body
Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones?
androgens
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
antagonists
Vassopresin is another common term for this hormone
antidiuertic hormone
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by the suprarenal medulla.
The effects of this hormone opposite of aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide
The heart secretes the hormone
atrial natriuretic peptide.
icreaseces levels of hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of _______
calcitonin: osteoclasts
The suprarenal medulla produces
catecholamines
Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
Peptide hormones are
composed of amino acids
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is
cortisol
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
cortisol
Which of the following substances activates protein kinase and thus acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
Cholealciferol is synthesized within the
epidermis of the integumentary system
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ions is
calcitonin
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
LH
the majority of thyroid hormones are secreted as ___ but small amounts of _____ is also secreted from the focal
T3, T4
it the hyophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following
TSH, ACTH, PRL
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH.
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein.
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
calcitonin
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
adenohypophysis
Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?
adrenal (suprarenal)
Steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?
blood glucose concentration
The adrenal medulla primarily secretes
einephrine
The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.
endocrine
the hypothalamus acts both as a neural and _______ organ
endocrine
Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?
it responds slowly but effectively
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
in the folicle cavity
If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
increase of blood glucose
The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by
increased levels of melatonin
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
increased water conservation by kidneys.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin
Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?
insulin
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, all of the following are true except
intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high
Lipid soluble hormones usually bing too
intracellular receptors
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
iodine
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the
isthmus
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
neurohypophysis
All of the pancratic hormones are regulated by
nutrient concentrations in the blood
Activity of which of the following cell is inhibited by calcitonin release
osteoclast
Normal growth is dependent on all the following hormones except
oxytocin
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
oxytocin
Melatonin is produced by the
pineal gland
Melatoin is mainly secreted by
pinealocytes
The term used to describe excess production of urine is
polyuria
A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes
progesterone
Milk production is stimulated by ________, mild ejection is stimulated by __________
prolacin and oxytocin
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
prolactin
Intracellular calcium store open response to intrcellular activation of
prtien kinase C, diacylglycerol, and inositol triphosphate
the anterior lobe secretes
regulatory hormones
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.