A&P II - Endocrine System

Evan suffered head trauma in a car accident. In the days following the accident he noticed that his urine production increased dramatically. He also had an unquenchable thirst and when he had no access to water he began feeling very ill. His physician believes he may have a hormone imbalance that is causing the problem. The most likely cause is a deficiency in A. ADH B. FSH C. LH D. TSH E. ACTH

A. ADH

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the A. adrenal medulla B. adrenal cortex C. anterior pituitary D. thyroid E. parathyroid

A. adrenal medulla

Upon binding to a receptor to form a hormone-receptor complex, steroid hormones may cause: A. an increase in protein synthesis. B. the formation of cAMP. C. the activation of protein kinases. D. the activation of adenylate cyclase.

A. an increase in protein synthesis.

Generally, the actions of hormones A. can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. B. tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. C. are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. D. do not affect homeostasis. E. are faster to react than the nervous system.

A. can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

All hormones are A. chemical messengers. B. cholesterol based. C. proteins. D. inorganic compounds. E. steroids.

A. chemical messengers

Peptide hormones are A. composed of chains of amino acids. B. lipids. C. derived from arachidonic acid. D. released by the reproductive organs. E. chemically related to cholesterol.

A. composed of chains of amino acids.

All target cells: A. have receptors to which hormones bind. B. are found in the blood. C. secrete hormones. D. produce their own hormones.

A. have receptors to which hormones bind.

What is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble hormone? A. how they diffuse through blood B. how the mRNA is transcribed C. the use of a second messenger D. only one type needs a hormone receptor E. lipid hormones are not found in the bloodstream

A. how they diffuse through blood

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein A. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 B. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 C. 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 D. 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 E. 2, 5, 1, 3, 4

B. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? A. Effects of both the nervous system and the endocrine system are immediate and short-lasting. B. Cells of both the nervous system and the endocrine system release chemicals to communicate with cells. C. Both the nervous system and the endocrine system operate over a series of neurons to directly affect target cells. D. The nervous system works antagonistically to the endocrine system to achieve homeostasis.

B. Cells of both the nervous system and the endocrine system release chemicals to communicate with cells.

Which of the following is NOT a function of glucagon? A. stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose B. accelerates the facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells C. stimulates formation of glucose from lactic acid D. increases blood glucose levels E. accelerates conversion of other nutrients into glucose

B. accelerates the facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions A. as an enzyme in the generation of ATP. B. to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations. C. as an internal receptor for steroid hormones. D. to stimulate the release of the original hormone from the cell surface receptor. E. as a secondary hormone released into the bloodstream.

B. to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations.

Complete loss of the aldosterone will lead to death due to A. decreased heart rate B. decreased airway dilation C. dehydration D. no oxygen to the brain E. kidney failure

C. Dehydration

What type of hormone is made from cholesterol? A. amine hormone B. peptide hormone C. steroid hormone D. protein hormone

C. Steroid hormone

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they A. cause a change to occur in the target cell. B. are water insoluble. C. bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane. D. bind to an intracellular receptor. E. cannot be stored.

C. bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Which of the following is a posterior pituitary hormone involved in a positive feedback loop? A. prolactin B. antidiuretic hormone C. oxytocin D. luteinizing hormone E. gonadotropin-releasing hormone

C. oxytocin

Endocrine glands A. contain few vesicles. B. release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. C. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood. D. are a type of nerve cell. E. are modified connective tissue cells.

C. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.

Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone? A. thyrotrophs B. gonadotrophs C. somatotrophs D. lactotrophs E. corticotrophs

C. somatotrophs

Select the statement that best describes the function of tropic hormones. A. Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones. B. Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters. C. Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins. D. Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. E. Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones.

D. Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

Which of the following is a major eicosanoid? A. prostaglandins B. leukotrienes C. glycoproteins D. both prostaglandins and leukotrienes E. All of the choices are correct.

D. both prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? A. thyroid stimulating hormone B. testosterone C. insulin D. calcitonin E. calcitriol

D. calcitonin

Structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called A. exocrine cells. B. second messengers. C. first messengers. D. target cells. E. G-proteins.

D. target cells

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following except ________. A. bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus B. activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis C. enter the nucleus D. diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells E. catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

E. catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called A. receptor recognition B. circulating hormone C. paracrine D. up regulation E. down regulation

E. down regulation

Release of insulin produces which response listed below? A. increased pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes B. increased blood glucose levels C. increased breakdown of glycogen into glucose D. decreased glucose uptake into cells E. increased glucose uptake into cells

E. increased glucose uptake into cells

The endocrine system A. is not involved in homeostasis. B. is regulated mainly by positive feedback. C. releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. D. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. E. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

E. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Which level secretes mainly aldosterone?

Zona glomerulosa

Which layer secretes androgens?

Zona reticularis

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. A. direct gene activation B. diffusion C. the second-messenger system D. steroid hormone action

the second-messenger system