A&P2 Exam #4

Which of the following structure(s) increase(s) the total surface area of the small intestine? (Check all that apply.)

Circular folds Microvilli Villi

An exocrine substance produced by __cells in the pancreas includes __, which digests carbohydrates.

acinar; amylase

The mucosa of the stomach is lined with simple __ epithelial tissue.

columnar

The acinar cells of the pancreas produce __, whereas the cells that line the pancreatic ducts produce __.

digestive enzymes; bicarbonate

The ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas empty in to the __.

duodenum

The ducts of the liver and gallbladder empty into the __________________.

duodenum of the small intestine

Which of the following wall layers of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

endometrium

The liver consists of __ lobes. The largest lobe of the liver is the__ lobe.

four; right

Glucose is a __, whereas sucrose is a __.

monosaccharide; disaccharide

Place the wall layers of the large intestine in order from innermost to outermost.

mucosa Muscularis mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa

Place the layers of the stomach wall in the correct order, from innermost to outermost.

mucosal submucosa Muscularis serosa

The oral cavity opens into the __.

oropharynx

Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the body wall of the uterus?

ovarian ligament

Which of the following is the female gonad?

ovary

The esophagus is located __ to the trachea.

posterior

A secondary (maturing) follicle contains a __ oocyte.

primary

Spermatogenesis is the __ of sperm, whereas spermiogenesis is the __ of sperm.

production; maturation

Vesicular (Graafian) follicles contain a __ oocyte.

secondary

The cells within salivary glands that produce salivary amylase are _________ cells.

serous

In the cardia of the stomach, gastric pits are __, whereas gastric glands are __.

short; long

Which of the following is the male gonad?

testis

Which of the following are male accessory reproductive structures? (Check all that apply.)

Bulbourethral glands Epididymis Penis Prostate gland Seminal vesicles **all of the answers**

In meiosis, there is/are __ nuclear division(s), whereas in mitosis there is/are __ nuclear division(s).

two; one

Human somatic cells contain __ pairs of autosomal chromosomes and __ pair(s) of sex chromosomes.

22; two

Which of the following places the four parts of the colon in the order from proximal to distal?

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Place the following terms in the correct order in which bile is transported from its site of production in the liver to its entry into the duodenum. Assume that bile does not enter the gallbladder.

Bile canaliculus Left hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct

Which of the following places the three segments of the small intestine in order from proximal to distal?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Place the organs of the GI tract in the correct order, from proximal to distal.

Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

A surge in __ causes ovulation in females.

LH

The presence of _________ is unique to the ileum.

Peyer patches

Which of the following cell types lines the mucosa of the small and large intestine?

Simple columnar cells with microvilli and goblet cells

Which of the following is the monomer that makes up proteins?

amino acids

The cecum is located at the beginning of the __ colon.

ascending

Which of the following is/are lobes of the liver?

caudate left right quadrate

Which of the following is the structural component of triglycerides to which fatty acids are attached?

glycerol

The liver is composed of hexagonally shaped structures called __ that consist of strands of __.

hepatic lobules; hepatocutes

The esophagus passes through the esophageal __________ in the diaphragm prior to entering the stomach.

hiatus

The image is a cross-section through what part of the small intestine?

ilium

Massive bouts of diarrhea can lead to _________ of water and a _________ in electrolytes.

loss; decrease

Lactose intolerance results from an inability to digest the disaccharide lactose because the enzyme lactase is lacking from the brush border of the small intestine. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose into its monomer units, glucose and galactose. Which of the following describes why a person suffering from lactose intolerance will commonly suffer from bouts of diarrhea when they ingest lactose?

lactose attracts water into the small intestine

Bile is produced by the __, pepsin is produced by the __, and amylase is produced by both the __.

liver; stomach; pancreas

A patient presented to his physician with pain in the left lower quadrant of his abdomen. The source of the pain was an adhesion* between the visceral peritoneum covering part of the patient's colon and the parietal peritoneum lining his anterolateral abdominopelvic wall in that region. What part of the colon was most likely adhered to the abdominopelvic wall?

sigmoid colon

Initial digestion of carbohydrates occurs in the _________.

small intestine

Humans have __ pairs of salivary glands.

three

The muscularis of the stomach contains __ layers of smooth muscle.

three

The stomach contains __ layer(s) of smooth muscle in its muscularis layer.

three