Project Management Chapter 9

resource histogram

A column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time

collaborating mode

A conflict-handling mode in which decision makers incorporate different viewpoints and insights to develop consensus and commitment

staffing management plan

A document that describes when and how people will be added to a project team and taken off it

responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

A matrix that maps the work of a project, as described in the WBS, to the people responsible for performing the work, as described in the organizational breakdown structure (OBS)

Tuckman model

A model that describes five stages of team development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A popular tool for determining personality preferences

hierarchy of needs

A pyramid structure illustrating Maslow's theory that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs

rapport

A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity

organizational breakdown structure (OBS)

A specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for particular work items

overallocation

A state in which not enough resources are available to perform the assigned work during a given time period

resource leveling

A technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks

d

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor? a. Salary b. Training c. Health benefits d. Recognition

d

According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. a. power b. self-actualization c. achievement d. affiliation

synergy

An approach in which the whole is greater than the sum of the parts

extrinsic motivation

An approach that causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty

intrinsic motivation

An approach that causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment

team development

Building individual and group skills to enhance project performance

RACI charts

Charts that show Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders

groupthink

Conformance to the values or ethical standards of a group

smoothing mode

Deemphasizing or avoiding areas of differences and emphasizing areas of agreement

confrontation mode

Facing a conflict directly using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements

referent power

Getting others to do things based on a person's own charisma

legitimate power

Getting people to do things based on a position of authority

b

In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. a. Thinking/Feeling b. Sensation/Intuition c. Judgment/Perception d. Extrovert/Introvert

a

Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates. a. acquiring the project team b. managing the project team c. developing the project team d. planning the human resource plan

empathic listening

Listening with the intent to understand

b

Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility. a. Theory Z b. Theory X c. Theory Y d. Theory K

mirroring

Matching certain behaviors of another person

subproject managers

People responsible for managing the subprojects of a larger project

deputy project managers

People who fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed

withdrawal mode

Retreating or withdrawing from an actual or potential disagreement

power

The ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do

resource loading

The amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods

a

The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs. a. deficiency b. self-actualization c. safety d. growth

compromise mode

Using a give-and-take approach to resolve conflicts; bargaining and searching for solutions that bring some degree of satisfaction to all the parties in a dispute

forcing mode

Using a win-lose approach to conflict resolution to get one's way

reward power

Using incentives to induce people to do things

expert power

Using one's personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior

coercive power

Using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do

c

_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. a. Reward power b. Referent power c. Coercive power d. Legitimate power

b

_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. a. Abraham Maslow b. Frederick Herzberg c. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor