Abnormal Psych Final

Which of the following accounts for the belief that schizophrenia is becoming more common in male than females?

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption?

France

Based on current research, which statement is most justified?

Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia

Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia?

Have delusions of reference

Endorphins

are opium-like substances produced by the body

Studies on neurocognition have found that people with schizophrenia

are unable to pay attention on demand

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

auditory

Adoption studies are typically used

to separate the effects of nature and nurture

Henry used to become intoxicated after 6 drinks. Now he needs 10 or 12 to get the same effect. This is an example of

tolerance

Today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for which of the following reasons?

treating narcolepsy

The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least 10 years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing,and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say

"Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem"

Schizophrenia occurs in about ____ of the general population

1 out of 100

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

10%

Which of the following is a misconception about alcohol? a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep c. Mixing different types of alcohol does not make people more drunk than the same amount of a single type d. Drinking coffee does not counteract the effects of alcohol

A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5?

Alcohol Use Disorder

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-lasting substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?

Alcohol amnestic disorder

"I am a person who has an affliction- I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in

Alcoholics Anonymous

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ______; Beth is taking ______.

Antabuse; Naltrexone

Which of the following is an example of a delusion?

Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why?

Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing

Which mental disorder is commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

Depression

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom?

Emotional unresponsiveness

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed?

Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Karen no longer socialized with her friends

The drug that can create as state most like psychosis is

LSD

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life?

Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life

Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia?

Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief

Which of the following is likely a sign of disorganized schizophrenia?

Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements

What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking?

Relapse Prevention Treatment

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?

Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning

Which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenia?

Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?

The average life span of an alcohol is 12 years shorter than the average citizen

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her status?

The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging?

The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture

Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders?

Vague, confusing, and unclear communication

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men

What Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was

a break with reality

An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called _____; the drug is called _____.

a flashback; LSD

Studies of the offspring of non schizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggest that

a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. A woman with no criminal history b. A woman with multiple children c. A male with a personality disorder d. A male with multiple children

a male with a personality disorder

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is

a memory defect for recent events

Which of the following people has the highest risk for developing schizophrenia?

a person whose father was over 50 when he was born

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means

a significant loss of contact with reality

All drugs that people become dependent upon

act on pleasure pathways in the brain

Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community?

adolescence and young adults; college communities

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially in the early part, often causes

agressiveness and withdrawal of the child

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as

alcohol amnestic disorder

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because

alcohol impairs the body to utilize nutrients

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing

alcohol withdrawal delirium

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism,

all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism

Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective?

all were about equal

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because

alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects

Benzedrine is an

amphetamine

The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?

antisocial personality disorder

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia

Children of mother who use crack

are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers

Extrapryamidial side effects

are involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs

Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses?

barbiturates

Which of the following is most likely to produce sleep?

barbiturates

What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?

being a recent immigrant

Binge drinking in college

can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems

Alcoholic blackouts

can occur with just moderate drinking

Opium and its derivatives

cause withdrawal symptoms within approximately 8 hours of the last dose

The first-generation psychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that

changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought

Negative symptoms are

characterized as an absence of deficit of normal behaviors

Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?

chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex

"Crack" is a form of

cocaine

Which of the following is a narcotic?

codeine

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a _____ explanation for teen drinking

cognitive

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

cognitive remediation training

Most people with schizophrenia

continue to show signs of illness

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a

delusion of reference

The term "demonic precoce" was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain the

difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age

Moiria is schizophrenic. She giggles a lot, acts silly, and talks "baby talk." She experiences frequent auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions. Moira most likely belongs to the ____ subtype of schizophrenia.

disorganized

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of though - in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is

disorganized speech

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium. She most likely showed which of the following behaviors?

disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms

Delusions are

disturbances in the content of thought

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism

does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not

A mother constantly demands that her son show her how much she is loved, but when he tries to hug her she yells at him to be more discreet. No matter what the child does, he is wrong. Further the mother prohibits him from commenting gone this paradox. What doe this interaction pattern best illustrate?

double-bind communication

Aberrant salience mean that

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important

Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

ecstasy

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought?

evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol suggests that

expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics

experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

exposure to all alcohol must be avoided

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because

families share both genes and the environment

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the

frontal lobe

Schizophrenia is best described as a

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder

Alcohol's effects on _____ explains its ability to impair judgment.

glutamate

James has 2 alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is

greater than if he had 1 alcoholic parent

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who

has the disorder of interest

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd

has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to

have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown

In 2005, which of the following accounted for 10% of all drug-related emergency room admissions?

heroin

Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia?

hippocampus

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is

how severe the person's negative symptoms are

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ____ than those at low risk

impulsive

When adoption studies of schizophrenia contain all the necessary controls and measurements,

index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects

Most of the evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it

involves a multitude of genes that work in concert

Aversive conditioning for alcoholics

involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock

Linkage analysis

is being used to hep locate genes with schizophrenia

Cirrhosis of the liver

is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

Disorganized schizophrenia

is characterized by disorganized speech

Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation -

is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention

Barbiturate withdrawal

is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder

is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

What is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time?

it can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?

it is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria

The reciprocal influence model suggests that

it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking

Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

it showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference

Which parenting skill or parenting behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?

lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in

late adolescence or early adulthood

Alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to

low thiamine levels

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are ____ than among European peoples. this fact may be related to _____.

lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate?

many people do not seek help

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol

may actually be a safety device

Communication deviance

may be an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia

Malnutrition

may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations

may reflect a cognitive error

What are endophenotypes?

measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that might be important in schizophrenia

Which of the following drugs is MDMA structurally similar to?

methamphetamine and mescaline

Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates?

middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a

neologism

The Danish adoption studies have been criticized for

not assessing the child-rearing environments of the index and control groups

Studies of monochorionic and dichorionic twins

offer further evidence of the role of the prenatal environment of schizophrenia

In contrast to some other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous

offers both group and one-on-one support

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

over 90% of those with schizophrenia experience delusions

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?

overcoming denial

Amphetamine psychosis resembles

paranoid schizophrenia

Who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers?

people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal

The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was

pleasure

Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia?

prenatal influenza exposure

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder

The "alcohol flush reaction"

results from an inability to metabolize alcohol

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with

schizoaffective disorder

There is some debate as to whether _____ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder

schizoaffective disorder

DeJuan is highly suggestible and automatically obeys the commands of his brother. He sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours despite his hands and feet becoming swollen due to immobility. This has been going on for over a year. Which diagnosis does this best illustrate?

schizophrenia

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for 8 months; Tanya's have lasted only 8 weeks. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya

Virginia exhibits a variety of schizophrenic symptoms including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. She has been symptomatic for a little more than a month. Virginia qualifies for a diagnosis of

schizophreniform disorder

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia?

schizophreniform disorder

Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of

sedatives

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia

seems to be very effective when combined with medication

Hallucinations are

sensory experiences with no basis in reality

Patients in a catatonic stupor

show pronounced motor signs

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families,

showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

A moderating variable is

something that influences the connection between two other variables

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who alter abuse alcohol?

strong need for praise and admiration

__________ usually involves an excessive use of a substance, while ______ usually involves a marked physiological need for the substance.

substance abuse; substance dependence

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?

subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism

suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse

Enlarged brain ventricles

suggest that there has been a loss of brain tissue

"Spice," "K2," and "Blaze" are names for

synthetic marijuana

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism>

to minimize cravings

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder,

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100%

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

the duration of the symptoms

An example of a moderating influence would be

the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol

Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia,

the first signs are usually seen in the way children move

Ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which area would probably be underactive?

the frontal lobes

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is

the level of expressed emotion

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?

the personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future

the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

the symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance

The abstinence violation effect is

the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia?

the woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

Concerning the causes of alcoholism

there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence

One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that

there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics)

There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because

there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because

these religions prohibit alcohol consumption

Which of the following is true about second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?

they are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that

they behave relatively normally other than delusions

One disadvantage of early descriptions of schizophrenia, such as Kraeplin's use of the term "dementia praecox," is that

they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia we know about today

At low levels, alcohol's effects on the brain is _______; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ______.

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Tina has been using cocaine for many months. She decides to stop. She can expect

to have depression, fatigue, disturbed sleep and increased dreaming

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia

tries to hep people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity

Karolin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia usually develops early in life. The actual age of the onset of the condition

typically is during the mid-twenties

Alcohol withdrawal delirium

typically lasts from 3 to 6 days

The use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to

using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder

usually exhibits symptoms that last for at least a month but less than 6 months

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia

Opium and heroin

were originally used by physicians as pain relievers

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are

what used to be called "delirium tremens" (alcohol withdrawal delirium) and "Korsakoff's psychosis" (alcohol amnestic disorder)

Which of the following statements most clearly summarizes our understanding of schizophrenia?

while much is known about the causes of schizophrenia, there are many questions still to be answered

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she sees to explain to his boss, their friends and their children his frequent absences. This is an example of

why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking

Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than 6 years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect

withdrawal like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating

First-generation antipsychotics

work by blocking dopamine receptors