Abnormal Psychology

Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?

"I'm academically incompetent and always will be."

Panic attacks are most closely associated with

Anxiety disorder

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

Depression

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of?

Dissociation.

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-IV-TR in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

Identify

Cecil is preoccupied with thought of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed with

OCD

Ravi brushes his teeth 18 times a day. Each time, he uses exactly 83 strokes up and 83 strokes down. After he eats, he must brush twice with two different brands of toothpaste. Ravi suffers from a(n)

OCD

Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of

OCD

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new Mexican restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of an-

Obsession

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggest most directly reflects a _____ perspective.

Psychoanalytic

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve..

Role Play

The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years most strongly suggests that symptoms of this disorder involve.

Role-Playing

A schizoid personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

a detachment from social relationships

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of

a dissociative disorder

Anxiety about being in places or situations which escape might be difficult is indicative of

agoraphobia

Bipolar disorder is most likey to be characterized by

alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women?

antisocial personality disorder

There is some evidence that a relatively low level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to

antisocial personality disorder.

after anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder, she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity. this best illustrates the

biasing power of diagnostic labels

After George learned that Mrs. Min suffered from schizophrenia, he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder. This best illustrates the

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of:

bipolar disorder

Because it is so pervasive, ________ is often considered "the common cold" of psychological disorders

depression

when do psychologists & psychiatrists label behaviors as disordered?

deviant, distressful, & dysfunctional

A mood disorder involving a chronic state of low energy and low self-esteem that is a bit less disabling than major depression is called a

dysthymic disorder.

Indira, a third-grade teacher, frequently suffers from dizziness, heart palpitations, muscular tension, and fatigue. She is also continually agitated and unable to relax outside the classroom, but she cannot pinpoint a reason for her problems. Her behavior is most indicative of a(n)

generalized anxiety disorder.

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from

generalized anxiety disorder.

In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices". This study best illustrated the negative effects of

hallucinations

Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from

hallucinations

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ____ perspective.

learning

Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times a day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions

may be a consequence rather than a cause

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of

memory

mania is most likely to be characterized by feelings of

optimism

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from a(n)

panic attack

Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanies by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of a

panic disorder

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of

personality disorder

Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to schizophrenia.

prenatal viral infections

A therapist suggests that Mr. Ozawa's fear of darkness can probably be traced back to his early childhood when he was occasionally beaten and locked up in a small, dark closet by an older brother. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a _____ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Although it has been two years since his girlfriend left him, Joaquin still suffers from depression. His therapist believes that Joaquin remains depressed because the girlfriend reminded him of his mother, who died when he was a child. The therapist's interpretation most clearly reflects the _____ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke's therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a sliding board. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

psychoanalytic

Which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger toward parents?

psychoanalytic

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder

role-playing

A breakdown in selective attention is most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

schizophrenia

Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to

schizophrenia.

Low birth weight is a known risk factor for

schizophrenia.

Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from a(n)

social phobia/anxiety disorder

The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by

stressful experiences

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

the medical model.

Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

their own self-importance