adulthood test 2

According to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), what type of behavior by an employer would explicitly be prohibited?

Asking a job interviewee for his or her age.

The relatives in a young woman's family see each other only for major holidays and family events on average about two or three times a year, even though they live within 30 minutes from each other. Based on this information, you would rate this family as on the negative end of which dimension of the Intergenerational Solidarity Model?

Associational

In Erikson's theory, emerging adults who arrive at commitments but do not evaluate alternative commitments would be in which identity status?

Foreclosure

What is the living situation known as a skip generation family?

Grandparents alone raise the grandchildren.

What is the main factor accounting for the gender gap in earnings?

Much fewer professional women are in higher-paying fields than in lower-paying fields

According to the correspondence principle, personality __________ could be enhanced over adulthood when people selectively experience life events that reinforce their existing personalities.

Stability

ex of thesis, antithesis, synthesis

Thesis: I love you because you are perfect; Antithesis: I will hate youif you are not perfect; Synthesis: Neither of us is perfect & life is changing, but we can work things out.

According to ________________ theory, the way you start your day influences your work performance throughout the day.

affective events

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

agreeableness

Part of the role of the executive function is to:

allocate cognitive resources to the task.

Men who become most confident about their roles as fathers are those who:

are regarded as competent by their wives.

The similarity theory hypothesized that the highest marital satisfaction occurs when couples:

are very much alike in their personalities.

A 34-year-old woman is struggling to overcome her extreme fear that her friends will desert her, so she tends to stay away from making new friendships. According to the attachment style perspective, she would be considered to be _________ in her attachment style.

avoidant

In equity theory, partners are seen as having the highest marital satisfaction if they:

believe they are each contributing similarly to the relationship.

Many retirees experience a(n) ______________ retirement, because they typically do not exit the labor force in an all-or-nothing fashion.

blurred

In the Type A behavior pattern, high scores on hostility seem strongly related to which health outcome?

cardiovascular disease

Reaching a point in your vocational development where you no longer feel that you are growing might keep you at the:

career plateu

After several years at his current job as a sales manager, a 50-year-old man decides he would rather remain a sales manager than do anything else because it suits his personality and interests. Based on the RIASEC model, you would expect that his score on a measure of career _________ would therefore be higher than would someone else's score who did not desire a career change.

congruence

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She easily meets standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

conscientiousness

A 40-year-old man was disappointed that his family reunion was spoiled when the older relatives clashed with the younger relatives about the upcoming presidential election. No matter what he did, it was impossible for him to get each side to see the other's point. According to the Intergenerational Solidarity Model, the generations would have low scores on the ____________ dimension.

consensual

With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

decrease

In the ______________ pathway of long-term relationships, the way a couple gets along at the outset of the marriage will continue throughout the length time they stay together.

enduring dynamics

The abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:

executive functioning.

Ricardo likes to drive fast cars, and enjoys bungee jumping and going to noisy nightclubs. It is likely that Ricardo is a(n) ________ who is chronically ________ since his brain tends to filtered out a lot of stimulation.

extravert; underaroused

The "Big Five" are

factors analytically derived dimensions of personality.

Organizational psychologists refer to the concept of motivation crowding out when employees report that they:

feel driven more by extrinsic rewards instead of by autonomous intrinsic rewards.

According to research on _____________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults.

flashbulb

People who feel that their occupation is a "calling" are likely to believe that it:

fulfills their purpose in life.

The sibling relationship in later adulthood is unique because siblings typically:

have known each other longer than anyone else in their lives.

Performance of older adults on the Stroop color-word task provides evidence of effects of aging on:

inhibition

According to the __________hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli:

inhibitory deficit

Now that he is in his 20s, Juan wants to find someone to share his life with. Erikson would say that Juan is in the stage of _____.

intimacy vs isolation

In a study of workplace bullying, behaviors involving ____________ were found to be most stressful of all forms of bullying.

intimidation

As workers feel that they have more control in their job, the extent of their ___________ motivation decreases.

intrinsic

dialetical thought

involves considering the thesis and antithesis of an idea simultaneously and forging them into a synthesis—a new idea that integrates the original idea and its opposite, or the thesis and its antithesis

Dorothy started keeping a detailed journal that includes stories of her childhood and early adulthood. She plans to pass her journal down to her grandchildren as a family history and so that they can know her in a more intimate way. Her journal writing is a form of _____.

life review

Stevenson (1994)

making the strange familiar by looking beyond one's own comfort zone, and making the familiar strange by using the expanded worldview to reflect upon cultural assumptions that one used to take for granted.

According to self-determination theory, to the extent that workers lose their intrinsic motivation when they receive extrinsic rewards for doing what they love, they will experience:

motivation crowding out.

Which of the following is most affected in late adulthood?

multitasking

A couple in their 30s is thinking of getting married. One partner is very outgoing and sociable, and the other is introverted and shy. This is an example of the ____________ theory.

need complementarity

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called _____.

openness

Jose has just started to date Christy. He can't stop thinking about her, and his thoughts of her fill him with excitement and happiness. Jose is most likely to be experiencing what aspect of love?

passion

schemes

patterns of actions and thoughts that organize knowledge

According to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:

perform more poorly than otherwise.

Although Rachel's parents always vote for the same political party, Rachel herself started to think about other options since she has identified a set of issues that are very important to her at election time. Rachel has developed her own _____ identity.

political

deductive reasoning

reasoning from general principle via logical steps to specific conclusion

inductive reasoning

reasoning specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion

RIASEC model

relistic investigative artistic social enterprising conventional

In an n-back task, to assess working memory, participants are asked to:

remember earlier items presented in a series.

Although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:

reminiscence bump

The "anniversary reaction", as applied to widowhood, refers to the:

renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death.

Super's theory assumes that people strive to express their __________ in their vocation.

self-concept

In the work-family enrichment framework, the psychological resources category includes which component?

self-efficacy

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

selflessness

The divide between what is sensed and what is not is known as the _____.

sensory threshold

Holland's vocational development theory describes the RIASEC model, which stands for the:

six factors that make up the model.

According to __________________ theory, when people feel that time is running out due to age or illness, their focus tends to shift towards present-oriented and emotion-related goals, instead of instrumental goals such as career advancement.

socioemotional selectivity

Mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of ___________ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults.

source

According to work-family conflict model, when transmission of emotions happen between different aspects of your life, it is called __________.

spill-off

While playing her favorite video game, a 69-year-old woman notices that she does most poorly when she's required to wait for a certain target and only respond when it appears on the screen. This type of game is tapping what cognitive psychologists call _________ attention, known to be more difficult for older individuals.

sustained

One function of working memory is _____.

temporary storage of information for conscious use

Bart is 21 years old and is not sure what kind of work he would like to do after college. Like many Americans his age, Bart has not yet developed a _____ identity.

vocational