AH 3570 Final Review

Of the following metrics, which one will have the highest number?

RIR

OSHA's control of hazardous energy standard (lockout/tagout), 29 CFR 1910.147, identifies the following training requirements

Refresher training as identified by the employer Initial training

Which of the following is not a recommended action to overcome obstacles effecting change in OSH management systems?

Rely upon the OSH professional to drive the change

Which of the following criteria defines an OSHA "recordable" injury or illness?

Restricted work day or transfer Lost work day Medical treatment Loss of consciousness

Which of the following are goals of an accident and incident investigation?

Root cause identification Fact finding Corrective action identification

Which of the following is true?

Securing an incident scene as soon as possible helps preserve evidence that may be critical in identifying a root cause. Accident and incident investigations (AII's) should begin as soon as possible after an incident, and typically within 24-48 hours. Statements from witnesses to the incident need to obtained as soon as possible after an incident.

Which of the following is TRUE about "acceptability" of OSH risk?

Some organizations are willing to accept more OSH risk than others Organizations possessing a strong safety culture are typically willing to accept less OSH risk than organizations with a weaker safety culture

Which of the following are FALSE with respect to hazard identification?

There is only one effective approach to the identification of hazards in the workplace. Hazard identification is an action that follows hazard assessment.

Which of the following statements are true about OSHA Cooperative Programs?

They are designed to "free up" limited OSHA resources for organizations that do not value OSH and whose performance indicates as such. They are designed to encourage the development of OSH management systems by organizations. VPP stands for Voluntary Protection Programs and it is designed for large-size employers.

Which of the following statements are false about OSHA Cooperative Programs?

They are mandatory programs which employers must participate.

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to medical management and early return- to- work programs?

They are required by OSHA.

Which of the following is TRUE of safety and health committees?

They encourage participation from other workers not represented on the committee They are often comprised of management and non-management employees They should not be assigned ultimate responsibility for OSH performance

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to medical management and early return- to- work programs?

They help control post-injury costs. To be effective, they require management to be committed to both programs. They are win-win for both employers and injured employees.

Which of the following is FALSE of OSH performance goals?

Timeless

Which of the following events in US history had the greatest positive impact on the progression of occupational safety and health in the US?

WW2

Experience modification ratio (EMR) is a measure of:

Workers' compensation performance of an organization compared to its industry average

Which of the following is TRUE?

Written citations may be issued by the Secretary of Labor when it is believed that an employer has violated established OSH standards. The Secretary of Labor is authorized to enter without delay work establishments for the purpose of inspecting and investigating working conditions, equipment and materials. Employers are obligated to make, keep and preserve records relating to occupational safety and health activities.

Workers jackhammering concrete and causing the generation of hazardous dust are required to wear respirators. The wearing of respirators is considered the application of a hazard control measure:

at the employee

The elimination of the use of a flammable solvent in a manufacturing process is considered application of a hazard control measure

at the source

accident

loss

incident

loss or no loss

near miss

no loss

ANSI

non- government body responsible for standards development

ASSE

non-government professional safety body

In which of the following disciplines must an OSH professional be skilled in order to be effective in practicing OSH?

physical sciences (chemistry, mathematics, engineering, etc.) social sciences (psychology, etc.) communications management

Which of the following are provisions in the OSHAct of 1970?

provide for the development, promulgation and enforcement of occupational safety and health (OSH) standards identify that employers and employees have separate but dependent rights and responsibilities in achieving safe and healthful working conditions

A company policy requires all maintenance personnel who install and repair electrical equipment to receive 8 hours of initial electrical safety training before they work on live electrical installations, and they must wear approved insulated rubber gloves during all work on live electrical systems. Which of the following does this description best represent:

specification standard

OSH education and training attempts to improve OSH performance by

transferring knowledge modifying behaviors changing attitudes

An organization's OSH ethics can influence the ethics of an OSH professional

true

Education and training is a common hazard control measure applied to an OSH hazard and often times, it is applied in combination with another hazard control category.

true

Effective OSH management requires the development, implementation and enforcement of both performance standards and specification standards.

true

Hazard assessment determines the extent or magnitude of identified hazards and it is a step that helps prioritize the order in which hazards will be mitigated.

true

Involving various work groups in hazard prioritization discussions is beneficial in gathering input from them in order to identify the highest priority hazards, and in cultivating "buy in" to mitigate the hazards.

true

Many hazards are often controlled by the application of more than one hazard control category.

true

OSH education and training should be provided for both employees and others who are present in the workplace, such as outside contractors, visitors, and vendors.

true

OSH management system standards are performance standards as opposed to specification standards.

true

OSH professionals must recognize an organization's ethical climate in order to advance OSH performance

true

Organizations that assign OSH responsibilities to all personnel and hold all accountable for effectively carrying out the responsibilities are more likely to provide safe and healthy working conditions for its employees than organizations that do not assign OSH responsibilities across the entire workforce.

true

The goal of hazard prioritization is to rank order hazards for action based upon the likelihood for harm to occur (risk).

true

When conducting an accident and incident investigation (AII), a goal is to work backwards in time from the event that caused an incident in order to uncover a root cause deficiency in the existing OSH management system.

true

A root cause is

Commonly the initiating cause of a series of causes and effects that ultimately result in an incident

Which of the following are likely outcomes from OSH education and training?

Continuity of operations Improved safety Improved employee morale Improved safety for the surrounding community

Which of the following are investigative techniques to conduct a root cause analysis (RCA)?

Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) analysis Fishbone diagram Cause mapping Failure Modes & Effects Analysis

Which of the following is TRUE of OSH performance goals?

Measurable Specific Attainable Challenging

Which of the following is FALSE?

Monetary penalties may be issued to employers by the Secretary of Labor for violations of OSH standards but the maximum monetary penalty to be issued per violation is $7,000.

The reasons for employers to strive for a workplace free from recognized occupational safety and health hazards are

Moral Legal Economic

Which of the following criteria does not define an OSHA "recordable" injury or illness?

First aid treatment only

Rank the following hazard control measures in terms of their general preference/effectiveness (1 = most preferred; least preferred)

1.Eliminate use of hazardous material in a manufacturing process 2.Replace hazardous paint with a less hazardous paint 3.Install air conditioning in an underground tank that is being repaired 4.Training 5.Wear safety harness when working at elevated heights

Which of the following size employers has the greatest proportional number of work injuries and illnesses (# of injuries and illnesses/per work hour)?

100 - 249 employees

Which of the following is not an OSH professional certification?

Associate safety professional (ASP)

Which of the following are reasons why an organization would desire to implement an OSH management system?

Avoid costly injuries and illnesses

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accident and incident investigations that do not begin promptly after an incident allow for individuals involved in the incident and witnesses to have a more accurate recollection of the incident's events.

Which of the following is NOT indicative of management that demonstrates commitment to OSH management?

Acts in an autocratic manner

A company uses trichloroethylene solvent in the manufacturing of adhesives and glues. Due to the high toxicity of trichloroethylene, the company decides to make a change. It determines that if employees are rotated every two hours, no one employee will be exposed for more than two hours in a work day. Which of the following best identifies this hazard control category?

Administrative

Education and training is a hazard control measure that belongs in which of the following hazard control categories

Administrative

Which of the following is indicative of 5 Why?

Basic investigative technique to uncover the facts and identify a root cause of an incident Process or tool that facilitates the identification of an effective corrective action to prevent recurrences Repeatedly asking the question Why

The certification titled "CSP" is awarded by which one of the following organization

Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP)

A trainee population consists of a large number of new immigrant employees many of whom do not speak English, and their literacy level is likely low. Which of the following would be best fitted for this trainee population?

Classroom training utilizing translators who speak both English and the language(s) spoken by the immigrant trainees

Which of the following are OSH professional certifications?

Certified industrial hygienist (CIH) Occupational health and safety technologist (OHST) Certified professional ergonomist (CPE)

Which of the following are commonly utilized to perform or assist in hazard identification?

Checklists Comprehensive surveys OSHA injury and illness records Information/data provided by manufacturers of equipment and materials

An employee climbing a 40 foot extension ladder falls with roofing shingles cradled in one arm, and is seriously injured. Which of the following would you consider to be the root cause/corrective action combination that will best prevent a recurrence?

Crane to lift materials onto roof was not ordered by the construction manager/Implement policy that requires all roofing materials to be mechanically lifted onto roofs.

Which one of the following is sequential in a systematic approach to education and training?

Determine training need, identify goals and objectives, identify who needs training

Which of the following is a recommended action to overcome obstacles effecting change in OSH management systems?

Develop a system of accountability throughout all levels of an organization Obtain senior management commitment Form a steering committee to facilitate, guide and direct change Measure and communicate performance throughout the organization

Which of the following hazard control categories relies least heavily on employee and supervisor involvement?

Elimination

Of the following hazard control measure category combinations, which one is the most effective/least effective?

Elimination/PPE

The value of professional certification in an OSH discipline benefits which of the following individuals/groups

Employees Employers OSH professionals

Why is employee involvement a key piece to the OSH management system puzzle?

Employees involved in safety activities are more likely to "buy-in" to the solutions or control measures to address OSH hazards and therefore more likely to comply with established safe work practices Few of us like to be told to do something without having an opportunity to offer our opinions and suggestions Employees can provide valuable input on hazards present in the workplace and solutions to eliminate or reduce the hazards It is complementary to management leadership - both are required in order to set the stage for other pieces of the OSH management system puzzle to be effective

Which of the following is FALSE?

Lagging indicators are considered "predictive" indicators of OSH performance

Which of the following hazards might be difficult to identify and/or assess during a comprehensive hazard identification survey?

Hazards associated with non-routine operations such as maintenance and emergency work Hazards introduced by contractors Health hazards (industrial hygiene hazards) associated with the use of hazardous materials

Examples of OSHA using employer injury and illness data to target specific industries or groups for enforcement and/or outreach activities include:

Hispanic focus Construction focus Site-specific targeting (SST)

Which of the following is true?

Lagging indicators measure past results or outcomes Leading indicators are predictive of actions to prevent injuries and illnesses Leading indicators are considered pre-emptive actions

Which of the following is not a preferred attribute of the accident and incident investigative team?

Lead by an OSH professional

OSH management system evaluations accomplish the following:

Identify deficiencies Measure more than OSH performance metrics Strive for continuous improvement Document deficiencies, positive attributes and corrective actions

Once hazard control measures are implemented, which of the following is recommended?

Implement a periodic review process Assess effectiveness Identify the presence of new and unforeseen hazards Identify adjustments necessary

OSHA's hazard communication standard, 29CFR 1910.1200, requires training. How would you describe the training provisions?

Initial training required Prescriptive

Which of the following is NOT indicative of 5 Why?

Investigative technique to quickly identify a cause of an incident, and get back to work

A job hazard analysis (JHA)

Is a term synonymous with job safety analysis (JSA). Is a written document that assists in identifying the most hazardous task(s) of a job or work process. Is a structured process that identifies specific tasks that comprise a job or work process. Identifies hazards (if any) associated with the performance of each discreet task.

Which of the following describes safety culture?

Is difficult to change Often times it reflects the organizational culture Beliefs, attitudes, values and ways of working Can vary from one employee group to another Has an impact on OSH performance

Which of the following are indicative of management that demonstrates commitment to OSH management?

Is visible on the production floor, construction site or other working environment and supports OSH policies and procedures Follows all established OSH company policies and procedures (leads by example) Develops and communicates a written OSH policy, and also identifies and communicates goals and objectives Solicits and respects employee input and feedback on OSH matters

Which of the following are true?

OSH risk is the likelihood that harm will occur. OSH hazard is the potential to cause harm.

Which of the following is FALSE about "acceptability" of OSH risk?

OSHA standards and regulations are developed to ensure zero risk of injury/illness if organizations comply with them

Which of the following is not an example of an OSH management system?

OSHAct 1970

Companies that choose to perform hazard identification and assessment in one step vs. performing each in discreet steps should give priority to?

Operations with high frequency of injury or illness Operations with high severity of injury or illness New operations and operations that have significantly changed Operations that can result in a catastrophic injury or illness

Which of the following hazard control categories requires the greatest reliance on employee and supervisor behavior?

PPE

Some reasons that cause incidents to occur include

Poor safety culture Lack of management commitment to OSH Lack of education and training Lack of employee compliance with established work procedures

Which of the following are TRUE with respect to hazard identification?

The goal of hazard identification is to identify all existing and potential hazards. Workers, work processes, tools and equipment and the work environment are all variables that must be accounted for during hazard identification. Hazard identification should be a disciplined process.

Which of the following is FALSE of safety and health committees?

The mere formation of a safety and committee results in improved OSH performance vs. not forming a committee

OSH professionals that develop constructive working relationships with other functions in an organization and are viewed by others as "team players" must always remember their ethical responsibilities and duty to protect the health and well-being of individuals at work.

True

The "Three Es of Safety" were discovered by employers in the United States in the early 1900's to be effective in preventing injuries. The "Three Es of Safety" stand for

education engineering enforcement

At the outset of the American Industrial Revolution, common law in the United States favored which of the following groups with respect to compensation for injuries in the workplace?

employer

Based on the readings in Module 1, how would you characterize the OSH profession as it stands today?

evolving increasingly demanding increasingly more transparent than in past years

All OSH ethical dilemmas offer clear choices in behaving in an ethical manner

false

OSH professionals should be the only individuals that perform hazard identification and assessment because others are not sufficiently skilled to conduct them.

false

OSH professionals should expect company management to embrace OSH as a priority issue

false

Testing of trainee knowledge and skills is a frequent requirement of OSH regulatory standards.

false

The OSH profession and its practice are very limited in scope

false

Which of the following is NOT a goal of an accident and incident investigation?

fault finding

NIOSH

government body responsible for OSH research

OSHA

government body responsible for implementing OSHA Act

MSHA

government body responsible for mine safety