A.H. - Anatomy and Physiology
intercoastal muscles
aids breathing Location: moves ribs to allow breathing
posterior/dorsal
back of body
Dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
Voluntary
contract when you want to move - skeletal muscles
Gluteus maximus
extends thigh Location: butt
Sternocleidomastoid
flexes neck; rotates head Location: side of neck
Rectus abdominis
flexes vertebral column Location: abs
anterior/ventral
front of the body
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
Involuntary
muscles that contract automatically - cardiac muscles
Visceral/Smooth
muscles that surround organs, they are involuntary
4 Muscle functions
1. Attach to bones (provide movement) 2. Produce heat energy 3. Help maintain posture 4. Protect internal organs.
Pectoralis major
Adducts and flexes humerus Location: upper chest
Flexion
Bending at the elbow joint going up (touching shoulder with hand)
Rotation
Circular movement around the axis
Trapezius
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm Location: upper back and neck
Latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward Location: ribs to pelvis
biceps brachii
Flexes and supinates forearm Location: upper arm
Satorius
Flexes the leg and thigh, abducts the thigh, rotates the thigh. Location: front of thigh
Deltoid
Location: shoulder
Abduction
Movement away from the mid-line of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Fast twitch muscles
React fast and tire quickly - Doing things like jumping or running will activate fast twitch muscles.
Slow twitch muscles
React slowly and saves more energy - most slow twitch muscles are in the back to keep posture.
Extension
Straightening of a joint
Tibalis anterior
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot Location: front of lower leg
Triceps brachii
extends forearm Location: upper arm
quadriceps femoris
extends leg Location: front of thigh
lateral/medial
lateral: away from the midline medial: towards the midline
Gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot Location: back of lower leg
Plantar flexion
pointing toes downward
proximal/distal
proximal: going up the arm distal: going down the arm
superior/inferior
superior: up inferior: down
Pronation
turning the palm downward