Alimentary canal

Fauces

(at the rear of the mouth) forms arched area containing palatine tonsils. Opens into oropharynx.

intrinsic salivary glands

(buccal glands)-scattered throughout the oral cavity mucosa

Splanchnic circulation >> Intraperitoneal

arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and heptic portal circulation

Chemical digestion-

catabolic breakdown of food.

Pericaditis

condition in which the pericardium becomes inflamed (around the heart).

Visceral

covers the external surface of most digestive organs

mechancial digestion

digestion that occurs by chewing or the churning of the stomach

Buccal

refers > toward the inside of the cheek

intrinsic control: local center

regulatory mechanism is "built in" to organ being regulated. Muscle has own blood supply. (ex: muscle fatigue, circulation)

Fungiform

scattered over the tongue and give it a reddish hue> contain taste buds

Absorption:

movement of nutrients across the G! tract wall to be delivered to cell via the blood or lymph

Efferent impulses

nerves that transmit impulses AWAYfrom the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands - CNS

Afferent impulses

nerves that transmit impulses TOWORD the brain and spinal cord - CNS

Peritoneal organs (intraperitoneal)

organs surrounded by peritoneum

Circumvallate

papillae forms a v-shape row in the back of the tongue and contains taste buds.

Peritoneum

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Mouth

Oral or Buccal cavity

Retro peritoneal organs

Organs outside the peritoneum/ behind the abdominal.

Long reflexes

-parasympathetic stimulation of digestive motility and secretion. Arising within or outside the GI tract

Peritoneal cavity

>lubricates digestive organs>Allows them to slide across one another

Protease

Enzyme responsible for protein digestion

Sympathetic motor fibers

Inhibit digestive activity > SNS

Enteric nervous system

Linked to CNS by long reflex arcs>Afferent visceral fibers>SNS motor fibers,inhibit digestive activity>PNS motor fibers,stimulate digestive activity

Alimentary canal:

Mouth, pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,and large intestine.

plexus

Network

Salivary Glands

Produce and secrete saliva that>cleanses the mouth>moistens and dissolves food chemical>aid in bolus formation>contains enzymes that break down starch

gastrointestinal wall

Site of short reflexes

Parasympathetic motor fibers

Stimulate digestive activity > PNS

Gastrointestinal (GI)

System that digests food and absorbs nutrients. Organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus. Also called the digestive system.

substrate

The reactant on which an enzyme works.

osmolarity

The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution

extrinsic: control by CNS centers

This is the "outside control"; usually involves nervous and endocrine regulation. Nerve signals and hormones operate outside of the controlled organ. Example: vomit or nausea.

Soft palate

a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking. Formed mostly of skeletal muscle.

Bolus

a term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva.

Mesentary

double layer of peritoneum that provides:vascular&nerve supplies to the viscera>Holds digestive organs in place and stores fat..

Defecation:

elimination of indigestible substances solid wastes.

Filiform

give the tongue roughness and provide friction. smallest and most numerous; distributed widely over dorsal side of tongue

Peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the organs)

six essential activities

ingestion, propulsion, and mechanical digestion chemical digestion, absorption and defecation

myenteric

intestinal muscle

Parietal

lines the body wall

segmentation

local contraction of intestinal wall that mix chyme..(digestive food) with digestive enzymes.

Myenteric nerve plexus(network)

major nerve supply that controls GI tract mobility

Regulation of digestion involves

mechanical & chemical stimuli respond to stretch receptors, osmolarity, and presence of substrate in the lumen.

Short reflexes

stretch or chemical stimulation acts through the Myenteric plexus to stimulate the parastaltic contractions of Swallowing.(gut; brain)

propulsion

swallowing and peristalsis

Accessory digestive organs:

teeth, tongue, gallbladder,salivary gland,liver,and pancreas.

chemical digestion

the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks

ingestion

the process of taking food into the digestive tract

long reflex arcs

the way the GI tract communicates with the central nervous system using the vagus nerves

salivary glands

three pairs of extrinsic glands that secrete saliva into the mouth: parotid, sublingual, and submandibular.